References
- Begum, B.A., E. Kim, S.K. Biswas, and P.K. Hopke (2004) Investigation of sources of atmospheric aerosol at urban and semi-urban areas in Bangladesh, Atmospheric Environment, 38, 3025-3038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.02.042
- Cheng, Z.L., K.S. Lam, L.Y. Chan, T. Wang, and K.K. Cheng (2000) Chemical characteristics of aerosols at coastal station in Hong Kong - I. Seasonal variation of major ions, halogens and mineral dusts between 1995 and 1996, Atmospheric Environment, 34, 2771-2783. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00343-X
- Chueinta, W., P.K. Hopke, and P. Paatero (2000) Investigation of sources of atmospheric aerosol at urban and suburban residential area in Thailand by positive matrix factorization, Atmospheric Environment, 34, 3319-3329. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00433-1
- El-Zanan, H.S., D.H. Lowenthal, B. Zielinska, J.C. Chow, and N. Kumar (2005) Determination of the organic aerosol mass to organic carbon ratio in IMPROVE samples, Chemosphere, 60, 485-496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.01.005
- Han, J.S., K.J. Moon, S.J. Lee, Y.J. Kim, S.Y. Ryu, S.S. Cliff, and S.M. Yi (2006) Size-resolved source apportionment of ambient particles by positive matrix factorization at Gosan background site in East Asia, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 211-223. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-211-2006
- Hwang, I.J. and P.K. Hopke (2007) Estimation of source apportionments of fine particulate matter at two San Jose STN sites, Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 56, 1287-1300.
-
Hwang, I.J. and P.K. Hopke (2011) Comparison of Source Apportionment of
$PM_{2.5}$ using PMF2 and EPA PMF Version 2, Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment, 5(2), 86-96. https://doi.org/10.5572/ajae.2011.5.2.086 -
Kang, B.W., C.M. Kwang, H.S. Lee, and Y. Sunwoo (2008a) Identification of potential source locations of
$PM_{2.5}$ in Seoul using hybrid-receptor models, J. KOSAE, 24(6), 662-673. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2008.24.6.662 - Kang, C.M. (2002) Characteristics of the Fine Particles and Source Apportionments using the CMB model in Seoul Area, Doctoral dissertation, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
-
Kang, C.M., B.W. Kang, Y. Sunwoo, and H.S. Lee (2008b) Application of representative
$PM_{2.5}$ source profiles for the chemical mass balance study in Seoul, J. KOSAE, 24(E1), 32-43. (in Korean with English abstract) -
Kim, H.J., J.Y. Ahn, K.J. Moon, J.C. Kim, J.S. Kim, M.D. Lee, S.J. Lee, H.E. Jeon, J. Oh, J.S. Choi, S.M. Park, J.S. Park, S.U. Lee, K.R.L. Arun, and E.S. Shin (2010) Study on the characteristics on physical and chemical properties of
$PM_{2.5}$ , J. KOSAE, 16(2), 81-88. (in Korean with English abstract) -
Kim, M., S.R. Deshpande, and K.C. Crist (2007) Source apportionment of fine particulate matter (
$PM_{2.5}$ ) at a rural Ohio River Valley site, Atmos. Environ., 41, 9231-9243 (doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.061). - KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration) (2011) Annual report of Asian dust (in Korean).
-
Lee, H.S., C.M. Kang, B.W. Kang, and S.K. Lee (2005) A study on the
$PM_{2.5}$ source characteristics affecting the seoul area using a chemical mass balance receptor model, J. KOSAE, 21(3), 329-341. (in Korean with English abstract) -
Lee, H.W., T.J. Lee, and D.S. Kim (2009) Identifying ambient
$PM_{2.5}$ sources and estimating their contributions by using PMF : Separation of gasoline and diesel automobile sources by analyzing ECs and OCs, J. KOSAE, 25(1), 75-89. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2009.25.1.075 - Mamuro, T.A. and T.K. Mizohata (1979a) Elemental Compositions of Suspended Particles Released from Various Boilers, Annual Report of the Radiation Center of Osaka Prefecture, 20, 917.
- Moon, K.J., J.S. Han, Y.S. Ghim, and Y.J. Kim (2008) Source apportionment of fine carbonaceous particles by positive matrix factorization at Gosan background site in East Asia, Environmental International, 34, 654-664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2007.12.021
- NIER (National Institute of Environmental Research) (2005) Study on the amendment of air quality standard (II), pp. 98-112.
-
NIER (National Institute of Environmental Research) (2009) Study on the characteristic on physical and chemical properties of
$PM_{2.5}$ , pp. 102-110. - Paatero, P. (1996) User's Guide for Positive Matrix Factorization Programs PMF2.EXE and PMF3.EXE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki.
- Paatero, P. (1997) Least squares formulation of robust non-negative factor analysis, Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 37, 23-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7439(96)00044-5
- Paatero, P. (1999) The multilinear engine-A table-driven, least squares program for solving multilinear problems, including the n-way parallel factor analysis model, J. Graphical Statistics, 8, 854-888. https://doi.org/10.2307/1390831
- Paatero, P., P.K. Hopke, X.H. Song, and Z. Ramadan (2002) Understanding and controlling rotations in factor analytic models, Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 60, 253-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7439(01)00200-3
- Polissar, A.V., P.K. Hopke, P. Paatero, W.C. Malm, and J.F. Sisler (1998) Atmospheric aerosol over Alaska 2. Elemental composition and sources, J. Geophys. Res., 103(15), 19045-19057. https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD01212
- Polissar, A.V., P.K. Hopke, and R.D. Poirot (2001) Atmospheric aerosol over Vermont: chemical composition and sources, Environmental Science and Technology, 35, 4604-4621. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0105865
- Ramadan, Z., B. Eickhout, X. Song, L.M.C. Buydens and P.K. Hopke (2003) Comparison of Positive Matrix Factorization and Multilinear Engine for the source apportionment of particulate pollutants, Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 66, 15-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7439(02)00160-0
- Ramadan, Z., X.H. Song, and P.K. Hopke (2000) Identification of sources of Phoenix aerosol by positive matrix factorization, Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 50, 1308-1320. https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2000.10464173
- Song, X.H., A.V. Pollissar, and P.K. Hopke (2001) Sources of fine particle composition in the northeastern US, Atmospheric Environment, 35, 5277-5286. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00338-7
- US EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) (2008) EPA Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) 3.0 Fundamentals & User Guide, EPA-600/R-08/108, July.
- Watson, J.G. (1979) Chemical Element Balance Receptor Model Methodology for Assessing the Source of Fine and Total Suspended Particulate Matter in Portland, Oregon, PhD Thesis, Oregon Graduate Center, Beaverton.
Cited by
- Long-term measurements of atmospheric PM2.5 and its chemical composition in rural Korea vol.68, pp.4, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-012-9225-6
- Chemical Characteristics of Ambient Aerosol during Asian Dusts and High PM Episodes at Seoul Intensive Monitoring Site in 2009 vol.28, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2012.28.3.282
- Episodes in Anmyeondo Area in 2009 vol.23, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2014.23.2.249
- Temporal Variations in Optical Properties and Direct Radiative Forcing of Different Aerosol Chemical Components in Seoul using Hourly Aerosol Sampling vol.30, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2014.30.1.001
- Characteristics of PM Chemical Component during Haze Episode and Asian Dust at Gwang-ju vol.30, pp.5, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2014.30.5.434
- The Water Soluble Ionic Composition of PM2.5 at 1,100 m-Highland of Mt. Hallasan on Jeju Island, Korea vol.25, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2016.25.5.727
- Estimation of ground-level particulate matter concentrations through the synergistic use of satellite observations and process-based models over South Korea vol.19, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1097-2019