Korea journal of population studies (한국인구학)

The Population Association of Korea (한국인구학회)
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Stochastic Demographic and Population Forecasting

확률적 인구추계

  • Received : 2010.01.08
  • Accepted : 2010.03.05
  • Published : 2010.04.30
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Abstract

Dealing with uncertainty has been a critical issue in demographic and population forecasting since 1980. This study reviews methodological developments in demographic and population forecasting over the last several decades. First, this study reviews the important issue of the uncertainty surrounding demographic forecasts. Several limitations of the traditional scenario approach to dealing with uncertainty are also discussed. Second, in forecasting demographic processes such as mortality, fertility, and migration, three approaches of stochastic forecasting are identified and discussed: expert judgment, statistical modeling, and analysis of historical forecast errors. Finally, this study discusses the current issues and directions for future research in stochastic demographic forecasting.

인구추계 분야에서 경험한 최근의 발전 상황은 불확실성에 대한 정확한 이해와 이에 대한 적절한 방법론적 대처가 핵심적인 이슈 중의 하나임을 보여 주고 있다. 이러한 측면에서 본 연구는 1980년대 이후 점차 활용도가 높아지고 있는 확률적 인구추계의 주요 내용과 방법들을 소개하였다. 구체적으로 본 연구는, 첫째, 인구변동 요인들의 미래 추세 예측에 수반된 불확실성의 특성 그리고 이러한 불확실성의 처리 방법으로 전통적인 시나리오 접근과 상대적으로 최근에 주목을 받기 시작한 확률적 접근을 개관하였다. 시나리오 접근의 한계와 관련해서는 확률적 해석의 불가능, 시나리오의 경직성, 예측구간의 비일관성의 문제를 검토하였다. 둘째, 확률적 인구추계의 특성들을 살펴봄과 함께 인구변동 요인들에 대한 확률적 예측을 위해 현재까지 가장 빈번하게 활용되고 있는 전문가 판단법, 통계적 모형에 기초한 방법, 그리고 과거의 예측 오차를 활용한 방법의 주요 내용과 장단점을 살펴보았다. 마지막으로 이러한 논의를 기초로 인구추계에 있어서 확률적 접근이 해결해야 할 과제와 향후 발전 방향 그리고 인구추계 분야에서 이루어진 최근의 발전 상황들이 갖는 시사점을 논의하였다.

Keywords

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