Medetomidine Sedation and Its Antagonism by Yohimbine in Dogs

개에서 Medetomidine 진정에 대한 Yohimbine의 길항작용

  • Heo, Keong-Hee (College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Transgenic Cloned Pigs, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Jae-Yeon (College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Transgenic Cloned Pigs, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Choi, Kyeong-Ha (College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Transgenic Cloned Pigs, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Cho, Jin-Haeng (College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Transgenic Cloned Pigs, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Park, Chang-Sik (Division of Animal Science & Resources, Research Center for Transgenic Cloned Pigs, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Myung-Cheol (College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Transgenic Cloned Pigs, Chungnam National University)
  • 허경희 (충남대학교 수의과대학) ;
  • 이재연 (충남대학교 수의과대학) ;
  • 최경하 (충남대학교 수의과대학) ;
  • 조진행 (충남대학교 수의과대학) ;
  • 박창식 (충남대학교 동물자원학부) ;
  • 김명철 (충남대학교 수의과대학)
  • Accepted : 2010.08.11
  • Published : 2010.08.30

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the antagonistic effects of yohimbine on sedation induced in dogs with medetomidine. Six mixed breed dogs were repeatedly used at a 2 weeks withdrawal time in this study. The dogs received $40\;{\mu}g/kg$ of medetomidine followed 15 minutes later by 0.2 ml/kg saline solution (group M) or 0.11 mg/kg yohimbine (group MY). All the dogs were examined before and 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120 and 150 minutes after the injection of medetomidine, and the induction and recovery times, vital signs, blood biochemistry and anesthetic quality were recorded. There were significant differences in the recovery of anesthesia between the groups. In both groups the heart rate decreased rapidly down to five minutes after the administration of medetomidine. The activity of ALT, AST and the protein concentration did not change significantly in either group and there was no significant difference between them at any time. Response to noise, muscle tone and analgesic score in the MY group at 30 minutes were significantly lower than those of the M group. When recovering from anesthesia, the dogs treated with yohimbine took less time to achieve sternal recumbency and less time to be able to stand and walk. It was concluded that yohimbine reversed effectively medetomidine sedation in dogs.

이 연구의 목적은 개에 있어서 medetomidine에 대한 yohimbine의 길항효과를 알아 보는데 있다. 총 6 마리의 잡종견 (수: 4 마리, 암: 2 마리)을 본 연구에 2주일의 휴약기간을 두고 반복실험을 하였다. 개들의 평균 연령은 4.3세 (2-6세) 이였고, 평균체중은 3.8 kg (2.7-4.6 kg) 이였다. 그룹 M은 대조군으로서 medetomidine을 $40\;{\mu}g/kg$ 용량으로 근육 내 투여하고 15분 후에 saline을 0.2 ml/kg 용량을 정맥 내로 투여하였다. 그룹 MY는 실험 군으로서 medetomidine을 $40\;{\mu}g/kg$ 용량으로 근육 내 투여하고 15분 후에 yohimbine을 0.11 ml/kg 용량을 정맥 내로 투여하였다. 마취시간에 대한 평가로 induction time, sternal time, standing time과 walking time을 측정하였다. Vital signs으로서 심박동수, 호흡수와 직장체온을 측정하였으며, 혈액화학 치로서 glucose, total protein, ALT와 AST를 측정하였다. 실험결과, medetomidine 투여 후 서맥과 호흡저하를 보였으나, yohimbine 투여 후에는 심박수의 증가와 호흡수의 증가를 나타냄으로써 yohimbine이 medetomine으로 유발된 호흡저하와 서맥을 길항하는 효과를 나타내었다. Medetomine 투약 후 yohimbine을 투여한 군에서는 대조군에 비하여 흉와시간, 기립시간과 보행시간을 현저히 단축시키는 영향을 나타내었다. 결론적으로 개에서 yohimbine은 medetomidine에 대한 양호한 길항작용을 나타내었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ambrisko TD, Hikasa Y. The antagonistic effects of atipamezole and yohimbine on stress-related neurohormonal and metabolic responses induced by medetomidine in dogs. Can J Vet Res 2003; 67: 64-67.
  2. Andrejak, M., Ward, M., and Schmitt, H. Cardiovascular effects of yohimbine in anesthesia dogs. Eur J Pharmacol 1983; 94: 219-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(83)90411-9
  3. Gross ME, Tranquili WJ. Use of alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonists. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1989; 195: 378-381.
  4. Hatch RC, Booth NH, Clark JD, Crawford LM, Kitzman JV, Wallner B. Antagonism of xylazine sedation in dogs by 4-aminopyridine and yohimbine. Am J Vet Res 1982; 43: 1009-1014.
  5. Hsu WH, Lu ZX. Effect of yohimbine on xylazine-ketamine anesthesia in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1984; 185: 886-888.
  6. Hsu WH, Rong YF, Hembrough FB. The effects of jingsongling, a xylazine analog, on mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate in dogs--influences of yohimbine, tolazoline, prazosin, and atropine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1989; 12: 283. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.1989.tb00672.x
  7. Hsu, W.H., Schaffer D.D, and Pineda, M.H. Yohimbine increases plasma insulin concentrations of dog. Exp Biol Med 1987; 184: 345-349.
  8. Lemke, KA. Anticholinergics and sedatives. In: Veterinary anesthesia and analgesia, 4th ed. Ames: Blackwell Publishing. 2007: 217-222.
  9. Maze M, Tranquilli W. Alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonists: Defining the role in clinical anesthesia. Anesthesiol 1991; 74: 581-605. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199103000-00029
  10. Plumb DC. Veterinary Drug Handbook, 5th ed. Ames: Iowa State University Press. 2002: 690-691.
  11. Plumb DC. Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 6th ed. Ames: Blackwell Publishing. 2008: 690-691.
  12. Salonen JS. Phamacokinetics of medetomidine. Acta Vet Scand Suppl 1989; 85: 49-54.
  13. Ueyema Y, Waselau AC, Wiese AJ, Muir WW. Anesthetic and cardiopulmonary effects of intramuscular morphine, medetomidine, ketamine injection in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2008; 35: 480-487. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.2008.00415.x