DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Red Ginseng Marc Fermented by Bacillus subtilis HA with Mugwort Powder Addition

고초균 발효에 의한 홍삼박 발효물에 쑥 분말 첨가에 따른 물리화학적 및 항산화적 특성

  • Jung, Hye-Won (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University) ;
  • Kim, Ji-Eun (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University) ;
  • Seo, Ji-Hyun (The Center for Traditional Microorganism Resources (TMR), Keimyung University) ;
  • Lee, Sam-Pin (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University)
  • 정혜원 (계명대학교 식품가공학과) ;
  • 김지은 (계명대학교 식품가공학과) ;
  • 서지현 (계명대학교 전통미생물자원개발 및 산업화연구센터) ;
  • 이삼빈 (계명대학교 식품가공학과)
  • Received : 2010.06.01
  • Accepted : 2010.07.05
  • Published : 2010.09.30

Abstract

Red ginseng marc (RGM) was fermented by the solid-state fermentation using Bacillus subtilis HA to produce biologically active compounds. The red ginseng marc fermented without mugwort possessed higher mucilage content (11.5%) and proteolytic activity (277.5 unit/g). The RGM fermented with 3% mugwort showed lower production of mucilage and protease activity whereas higher tyrosine content (581.3 mg%) and consistency index ($8.8\;Pa{\cdot}s^n$). The mucilage produced from fermented RGM contained $\gamma$-PGA with 1,100 kDa of molecular weight, and its yield was 15.9 g/kg. 70% ethanol extract from the RGM fermented with 3% mugwort had the highest DPPH radical scavenging effect ($IC_{50}$ value of 0.57 mg/mL), and the water extract showed the highest ABTS radical scavenging effect, indicating $IC_{50}$ value of 1.24 mg/mL. Overall, the RGM fermented by B. subtilis HA with mugwort contained various biologically active compounds having antioxidant effects.

홍삼 추출액 제조 후 생산되는 부산물인 홍삼박의 식품 소재화를 위해서 열풍 건조시킨 후 초미세 분말화 하였으며, 쑥 분말 첨가에 따른 고초균 발효 특성을 조사하였다. 홍삼박 분말에 탈지대두분말 3%와 monosodium glutamate(MSG) 2%, 쑥을 농도별(0~3%)로 첨가하여 발효하여 분석하였다. 홍삼박 발효물의 tyrosine 함량은 쑥 3% 첨가 시 581.3 mg% 로 가장 높은 함량을 나타낸 반면 protease 활성은 쑥을 첨가할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타냈으며 쑥을 첨가하지 않은 구에서 277.5 unit/g으로 가장 높은 활성을 나타냈다. 점조도 측정 결과 쑥 3% 첨가 시 $8.8\;Pa{\cdot}s^n$으로 가장 높게 나타났고, 점질물 함량은 쑥을 첨가하지 않은 구에서 11.5%로 가장 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 고분자 점질물인 PGA함량을 GPC를 이용하여 측정한 결과 쑥을 첨가하지 않은 구에서 15.9 g/kg 이었으며 분자량은 1,100 kDa으로 나타났다. 첨가된 MSG 전환율을 약 80% 정도로 나타냈으며, 쑥 첨가에 따른 전환율에 효과는 볼 수 없었다. DPPH radical 소거활성은 쑥 3% 첨가된 발효물에서 물과 70% 주정 추출물 각각 $IC_{50}$값이 0.62 mg/mL, 0.57 mg/mL로 나타났다. ABTS radical 소거 활성은 쑥 3% 첨가 시 물 과 70% 주정 추출물에서 각각 $IC_{50}$값은 1.24 mg/mL, 1.34 mg/mL로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. Kang KS, Lee YS. 1997. Involvement of the enhancement of natural killer cell activity on the anti-cancer effect of red ginseng during rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Korean J Toxicol 13: 23-37.
  2. Park NY, Seong JH, Choi MS, Moon KD, Kwon JH, Jeong YJ. 2008. Comparison of functional properties of Cheonggukjang by using red ginseng. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 37: 261-268. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.3.261
  3. Park YR, Han IH, Kim MY, Choi SH, Shin DW, Chun SS. 2008. Quality characteristics of sponge cake prepared with red ginseng marc powder. Korean J Food Cookery Sci 24: 236-242.
  4. Han IJ, Kim RY, Kim YM, Ahn CB, Kim DW, Park KT, Chun SS. 2007. Quality characteristics of white bread with red ginseng marc powder. J East Asian Soc Dietary Life 7: 242-249.
  5. Han IJ, Kim MY, Chun SS. 2007. Characteristics of dough with red ginseng marc powder. J East Asian Soc Dietary Life 17: 371-378.
  6. Park MH, Sohn HJ, Jeon BS, Kim NM, Park CK, Kim AK, Kim KC. 1999. Studies on flavor components and organoleptic properties in roasted red ginseng marc. J Ginseng Res 23: 211-216.
  7. Lee JW, Do JH. 2002. Extraction condition of acidic polysaccharide from Korean red ginseng marc. J Ginseng Res 26: 202-205. https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2002.26.4.202
  8. Kim SD, Do JH, Lee KS, Sing HS. 1986. Effect of ginseng residue extract on yeast growth. Korean J Ginseng Sci 10: 1-10.
  9. Kwon HY, Kim YS, Kwon GS, Kwon CS, Sohn HY. 2004. Isolation of immuno-stimulating strain Bacillus pumilus jb-1 from Chungkook-jang and fermentational characteristics of Jb-1. Kor J Microbial Biotechnol 32: 291-296.
  10. Youn HK, Choi HS, Hur SH, Hong JH. 2001. Antimicrobial activities of viscous substance form Chongkukjang fermented with different Bacillus spp. J Fdhyg Safety 16: 188-193.
  11. Shih IL, Van YT, Chang YN. 2002. Application of statistical experimental methods to optimize production of poly ($\gamma$- glutamic acid) by Bacillus licheniformis CCRC 12826. Enzyme Microb Technol 31: 213-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0229(02)00103-5
  12. Jung HW, Lee SP. 2009. Production of carrot pomace fortified with mucilage, fibrinolytic enzyme and probiotics by solid state fermentation using the mixed culture of Bacillus subtilis and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. J Food Sci Nutr 14: 335-342. https://doi.org/10.3746/jfn.2009.14.4.335
  13. You HJ. 2004. Characteristics of a fibrinolytic protease and antioxidants in fermented grains by Bacillus licheniformis B1. MS Thesis. Hoseo University, Asan, Korea.
  14. Oh HJ, Kim CS. 2007. Antioxidant and nitrite scavenging ability of fermented soybean foods (Chungkukjang, Doenjang). J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 36: 1503-1510. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2007.36.12.1503
  15. Park WJ, Park HY, Yoo JH, Rhee MS. 2001. Effect of Artmisia asiatica nakai extract on the flavor of Chungkuk- jang. Food Eng Prog 5: 115-124.
  16. Lee SJ, Cung HY, Lee IK, Yoo ID. 1999. Isolation and identification of flavonoids from ethanol extracts of Artemisia vulgaris and their antioxidant activity. Korean J Food Sci Technol 31: 815-822.
  17. AOAC. 2000. Official methods of analysis. 17th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA.
  18. Johansson CG, Hallmer H. 1983. Rapid enzymatic assay of insoluble and soluble dietary fiber. J Agric Food Chem 31: 476-482. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00117a003
  19. Moreno MI, Isla MI, Sampietro AR, Vattuone MA. 2000. Comparison of the free radical scavenging activity of propolis from several regions of Argentina. J Ethnopharmacol 71: 109-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00189-0
  20. Oh SM, Kim CS, Lee SP. 2006. Characterization of the functional properties of soy milk cake fermented by Bacillus sp. Food Sci Biotechnol 15: 704-709.
  21. Anson. 1938. The estimation of pepsin, trypsin, papain and cathepsin with hemoglobin. J Gen Physiol 22: 79-85. https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.22.1.79
  22. Son MJ, Son SJ, Lee SP. 2008. Physicochemical properties of carrot juice containing Phellinus linteus extract and beet extract fermented by Leuconostoc mesenteroides SM. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 37: 798-804. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.6.798
  23. Choi SH, Park JS, Whang KS, Yoon MH, Choi WY. 2004. Production of microbial biopolymer, poly ($\gamma$-glutamic acid) by Bacillus subtilis BS 62. Agric Chem Biotechnol 47: 60-64.
  24. Oh SM. 2006. Optimization of production of bioactive compounds of fermented soybean curd residue by Bacillus sp. MS Thesis. Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea.
  25. Ryu MJ, Jang EK, Lee SP. 2007. Physicochemical properties of a biopolymer flocculant produced from Bacillus subtilis PUL-A. Kor J Microbial Biotechnol 35: 203-209.
  26. Blois MS. 1958. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 181: 1198-1200.
  27. Kim JE, Joo SI, Seo JH, Lee SP. 2009. Antioxidant and $\alpha$- glucosidase inhibitory effect of tartary buckwheat extract obtained by the treatment of different solvents and enzyme. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 38: 989-995. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2009.38.8.989
  28. Ahn BY. 1992. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Artmsia princeps var. orientalis. Korea J Food Hygiene 7: 157-160.
  29. Kim JE, Lee SP. 2009. Production of bioactive components and anti-oxidative activity of soybean grit fermented with Bacillus subtilis HA according to fermentation time. Korea J Food Sci Technol 41: 179-185.
  30. Han HS. 1995. A study on the changes of the chemical composition during the ripening process of fermented soybeans with mugwort powder. MS Thesis. Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
  31. Xu J, Chen S, Yu Z. 2005. Optimization of process parameters for poly $\gamma$-glutamate production under solid state fermentation from Bacillus subtilis CCTCC202048. Process Biochem 40: 3075-3081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2005.03.011
  32. Masao K, Kiyotaka F. 1997. Poly($\gamma$-glutamic acid) hydrogel prepared from microbial poly($\gamma$-glutamic acid) and alkanediamine with water-soluble carbodiimide. J Appl Polym Sci 65: 1889-1896. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19970906)65:10<1889::AID-APP5>3.0.CO;2-B
  33. Birrer GA, Cromwick AM, Gross RA. 1994. $\gamma$-Poly(glutamic acid) formation by Bacillus licheniformis 9945a: physiological and biochemical studies. Int J Biol Macromol 16: 265-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-8130(94)90032-9
  34. Kubota H, Matsunobu T, Uotani K, Takebe H, Satoh A, Tanaka T, Taniguchi M. 1993. Production of poly($\gamma$-glutamic acid) by Bacillus subtilis F-2-01. Biosci Biotech Biochem 57: 1212-1213. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.57.1212
  35. Nieva MM, Sampietro AR, Vattuone MA. 2000. Comparison of the free radical scavenging activity of propolis from several regions of Argentina. J Ethnopharmacol 71: 109-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00189-0
  36. Park CS, Kwon CJ, Choi MA, Park GS, Choi KH. 2002. Antioxidative and nitrite scavenging activities of mugwort and pine needle extracts. Kor J Food Preserv 9: 248-252.
  37. Yu MH, Im HG, Lee HJ, Ji YJ, Lee IS. 2006. Components and their antioxidative activities of methanol extracts from sarcocarp and seed of Zizyphus jujuba var. inermis Rehder.
  38. Hong JH, Jeon JL, Lee JH, Lee IS. 2007. Antioxidative properties of Artemisia princeps Pamp. J Food Soc Food Sci Nutr 36: 657-662. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2007.36.6.657
  39. Kim MJ, Choi JS, Song EJ, Lee SY, Kim KBRI, Lee SJ, Kim SJ, Yoon SY, Jeon YJ, Ahn DH. 2009. Effects of heat and pH treatments on antioxidant properties of Ishige okamurai extract. Korean J Food Sci Technol 41: 50-56.

Cited by

  1. Potential of Red Ginseng Marc for Ethanol Production as a Fermentation Medium vol.56, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3839/jabc.2013.039
  2. Physicochemical Properties and Fibrinolytic Activity of Ginseng Powder Fermented with <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Isolated from <i>Cheonggukjang</i> vol.08, pp.08, 2017, https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2017.88126
  3. Changes in Fermentative Characteristics of Red Ginseng Wine using Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Red Ginseng Marc vol.14, pp.12, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2013.14.12.6290
  4. Quality Characteristics of Yackwa with Red Ginseng Marc Powder vol.30, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2014.30.6.800
  5. Novel bioconversion of sodium glutamate to γ-poly-glutamic acid and γ-amino butyric acid in a mixed fermentation using Bacillus subtilis HA and Lactobacillus plantarum K154 vol.23, pp.5, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-014-0211-4
  6. Quality and antioxidant activity of ginseng seed processed by fermentation strains vol.39, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2014.10.007
  7. Increased antioxidative and nitric oxide scavenging activity of ginseng marc fermented by Pediococcus acidilactici KCCM11614P 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-017-0207-y
  8. Quality and characteristics of fermented ginseng seed oil based on bacterial strain and extraction method vol.41, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2017.03.003
  9. Comparative Study on the Hypoglycemic and Antioxidative Effects of Fermented Paste (Doenjang) Prepared from Soybean and Brown Rice Mixed with Rice Bran or Red Ginseng Marc in Mice Fed with High Fat Diet vol.6, pp.10, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6104610
  10. Effects of dietary fermented red ginseng marc and red ginseng extract on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, fecal microbial, and noxious gas emission in weanling pigs vol.46, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2018.1466708
  11. Antibacterial Effects against Various Foodborne Pathogens and Sensory Properties of Yogurt Supplemented with Panax ginseng Marc Extract vol.37, pp.5, 2010, https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2017.37.5.787
  12. 조류 바이오매스를 이용한 토양개량제의 퇴비화 과정에 따른 영양성분 특성 vol.28, pp.6, 2019, https://doi.org/10.14249/eia.2019.28.6.604
  13. 십전대보탕 부산물과 발효홍국 홍삼박의 혼합제재를 여러 가지 제형에 따라 오리사료에 첨가 시 오리 가슴육의 변화 vol.29, pp.3, 2010, https://doi.org/10.5322/jesi.2020.29.3.319
  14. Hair-Growth-Promoting Effects of Fermented Red Ginseng Marc and Traditional Polyherb Formula in C57BL/6 Mice vol.11, pp.3, 2010, https://doi.org/10.3390/app11031195