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Quality Characteristics of Brown Rice Vinegar by Different Yeasts and Fermentation Condition

알코올 발효조건 및 효모를 달리한 현미식초의 품질 특성

  • Lee, Su-Wone (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kwon, Joong-Ho (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Yoon, Sung-Ran (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Woo, Seung-Mi (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University and Keimyung Foodex Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Jang, Se-Young (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University and Keimyung Foodex Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Yeo, Soo-Hwan (Fermentation & Food Processing Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Choi, Ji-Ho (Fermentation & Food Processing Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Jeong, Yong-Jin (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University and Keimyung Foodex Co., Ltd.)
  • 이수원 (경북대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 권중호 (경북대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 윤성란 (경북대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 우승미 (계명대학교 식품가공학과 및 (주)계명푸덱스) ;
  • 장세영 (계명대학교 식품가공학과 및 (주)계명푸덱스) ;
  • 여수환 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부 발효이용과) ;
  • 최지호 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부 발효이용과) ;
  • 정용진 (계명대학교 식품가공학과 및 (주)계명푸덱스)
  • Received : 2010.06.07
  • Accepted : 2010.07.28
  • Published : 2010.09.30

Abstract

This study investigated the quality characteristics of brown rice vinegar (agitated culture and static culture) derived from brown rice Takju with different types of yeasts. The alcohol content by yeast was the highest in B (brown rice Takju produced by S. cerevisiae GRJ) at 14.3% and the titratable acidity was less than 0.6% in all ranges. When quality characteristics of agitated and static culture brown rice vinegar using them were compared, acidity of agitated culture vinegar recorded the highest level or 6.05% at 7 day of fermentation DV (brown rice vinegar produced by S. kluyveri DJ97) with the initial acidity of 1.0% and the initial pH of 3.9~4.0, and AV (brown rice vinegar produced by S. cerevisiae JK99), CV (brown rice vinegar produced by S. cerevisiae H9) and BV (brown rice vinegar produced by S. cerevisiae GRJ) recorded as 5.64, 5.55 and 5.32%, respectively. In addition, acidity of static culture vinegar increased continuously to 5.01~5.31% until the 14 day of fermentation and then tended to decrease slightly from the 16 day of fermentation. Difference in acidity and pH of brown rice vinegar according to types of yeast was not significant. Comparison of free amino acid of brown rice vinegar showed that for agitated culture brown rice vinegar, the content of total free amino acid was higher in the order of BV, DV, AV and CV and the content of essential amino acid was the highest in BV by recording over 1,000 ppm. The content of total free amino acid of static culture brown rice vinegar was higher than that of agitated culture vinegar in all ranges and especially static culture brown rice vinegar contained more serine, alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine and $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid than agitated culture vinegar. In particular, $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid recorded over ten times higher level or 456.91~522.66 ppm. From these results, quality characteristics of brown rice vinegar was affected by acetic acid fermentation methods rather than types of yeast. However, as future aging process is expected to change flavor components and sensory characteristics, studies on various quality factors of vinegar are needed.

알코올 발효 효모 종류를 달리하여 현미탁주를 제조하고 이를 이용한 현미식초(정치배양 및 교반배양)의 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 효모 종류에 따른 알코올 함량은 B가 14.3%로 가장 높았으며 적정산도는 모든 구간에서 0.6% 이하로 나타났다. 이를 이용한 교반 및 정치배양 현미식초의 품질특성을 비교한 결과, 교반배양구간에서는 초기산도 1.0%, 초기 pH는 3.9~4.0에서 발효 7일째 DV구간에서 산도가 6.05%로 가장 높았고 AV, CV 및 BV가 5.64, 5.55 및 5.32% 순으로 나타났다. 또한 정치배양구간에서도 산도는 발효 14일째까지 꾸준히 증가하여 5.01~5.31%로 나타났고 발효 16일째부터 조금씩 감소하는 경향이었다. 효모 종류에 따른 현미식초의 산도 및 pH 차이는 크게 나타나지 않았다. 현미식초의 유리아미노산 함량을 비교한 결과, 교반배양구간에서 총 유리아미노산 함량은 BV, DV, AV 및 CV 순으로 높게 나타났고 필수 유리아미노산 함량은 BV에서 100 mg% 이상으로 가장 높았다. 정치배양구간에서 유리아미노산 함량은 모든 구간에서 교반배양구간보다 높은 함량을 나타내었으며 serine, alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine 및 $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid 등이 교반배양구간에 비하여 높았으며 특히 $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid는 45.69~52.27 mg%로 약 10배 이상 높게 나타났다. 현재까지의 결과는 현미식초의 품질특성은 효모 종류보다는 초산발효 방법에 따른 품질 차이가 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 향후 숙성과정에서 변화를 거치면서 향기성분, 관능적 특성에 차이가 있을 것으로 예상되어 다양한 식초의 품질인자에 관한 연구가 요구된다.

Keywords

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