Journal of Environmental Science International (한국환경과학회지)

The Korean Environmental Sciences Society (한국환경과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Identifications of Source Locations for Atmospheric Total Gaseous Mercury Using Hybrid Receptor Models

Hybrid receptor model을 이용한 대기 중 총 가스상 수은의 오염원 위치 추정 연구

  • Lee, Yong-Mi (Air Pollution Control Research Division, Climate and Air Quality Research, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Yi, Seung-Muk (Department of Environment and Public Health, Seoul National University) ;
  • Heo, Jong-Bae (Department of Environment and Public Health, Seoul National University) ;
  • Hong, Ji-Hyoung (Air Pollution Control Research Division, Climate and Air Quality Research, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Lee, Suk-Jo (Air Pollution Control Research Division, Climate and Air Quality Research, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Yoo, Chul (Air Pollution Control Research Division, Climate and Air Quality Research, National Institute of Environmental Research)
  • 이용미 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기공학연구과) ;
  • 이승묵 (서울대학교 보건대학원 환경보건학과) ;
  • 허종배 (서울대학교 보건대학원 환경보건학과) ;
  • 홍지형 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기공학연구과) ;
  • 이석조 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기공학연구과) ;
  • 유철 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기공학연구과)
  • Received : 2010.04.07
  • Accepted : 2010.07.19
  • Published : 2010.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to measure ambient total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations in Seoul, to analyze the characteristics of TGM concentration, and to identify of possible source areas for TGM using back-trajectory based hybrid receptor models like PSCF (Potential Source Contribution Function) and RTWC (Residence Time Weighted Concentration). Ambient TGM concentrations were measured at the roof of Graduate School of Public Health building in Seoul for a period of January to October 2004. Average TGM concentration was $3.43{\pm}1.17\;ng/m^3$. TGM had no notable pattern according to season and meteorological phenomena such as rainfall, Asian dust, relative humidity and so on. Hybrid receptor models incorporating backward trajectories including potential source contribution function (PSCF) and residence time weighted concentration (RTWC) were performed to identify source areas of TGM. Before hybrid receptor models were applied for TGM, we analysed sensitivities of starting height for HYSPLIT model and critical value for PSCF. According to result of sensitivity analysis, trajectories were calculated an arrival height of 1000 m was used at the receptor location and PSCF was applied using average concentration as criterion value for TGM. Using PSCF and RTWC, central and eastern Chinese industrial areas and the west coast of Korea were determined as important source areas. Statistical analysis between TGM and GEIA grided emission bolsters the evidence that these models could be effective tools to identify possible source area and source contribution.

Keywords

References

  1. 국립환경과학원, 2004, 유해대기오염물질 배출량 조사및 대기 모니터링(II): 고정오염원에서의 유해대기오염물질 배출원 조사(II).
  2. 김민영, 김기현, 2001, 대기 중 수은의 지역적 분포특성에 대한 비교연구 - 한반도의 도심과 산악지역을 중심으로, 한국대기환경학회지, 17(1), 39-50.
  3. 박규식, 이상협, 이주형, 김정훈, 서용칠, 2008, 인위적 배출원에서 발생하는 수은화합물 배출특성 및 배출량 산정,한국대기환경학회 춘계학술대회 논문집, 289-294.
  4. 안명찬, 한영지, 2008, 대기 중 수은의 습식 침적 평가: 소양호를 중심으로, 한국대기환경학회지, 24(6), 693-703. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2008.24.6.693
  5. 이승훈, 정장표, 이승묵, 2004, 대기오염원 위치확인을 위한 PSCF 모형의 적용, 한국대기환경학회 춘계학술대회 논문집, 85-87.
  6. 이용미, 허종배, 이승묵, 2008, 서울시 대기 중 총 가스상수은의 농도 및 특성 분석, 한국환경보건학회지,34(1), 42-48.
  7. 정장표, 이승훈, 2006, PSCF 모형의 개발과 제어변수의결정, 한국대기환경학회지, 22(1), 135-143.
  8. 한영지, 2006, 수용원 모델을 사용한 대기 중 수은 오염원의 위치 추정에 대한 연구, 한국대기환경학회지,22(2), 179-189.
  9. Ashbaugh, L. L., Malm, W. C., Sadeh, W. Z., 1985, A residence time probability analysis of sulfur concentrations at grand Canyon National Park, Atmospheric Environment. 19(8), 1263-1270. https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(85)90256-2
  10. Brooksrand Environmental research and development, 2003, Model III CVAFS for Mercury Operation Manual, Brooks Rand LLC, 2-28.
  11. Clarkson, T., 1995, Mercury toxicity: an overview. In: National Forum on Mercury in Fish, US EPA401 M St., SW Washington, DC 20460, EPA 823-R-95- 002, 91-94.
  12. Draxler, R. R., Hess, G. D., 1997, Description of the HYSPLIT 4 Modeling System, NOAA technical Memorandum ERL ARL-224, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adiministration, Washington, DC.
  13. Gardfeldt, K., Sommar, J., Ferrara, R., Ceccarina, C., Lanzillotta, E., Munthe, J., Wangberg, I., Lindqvist, O., Pirrone, N., Sprovieri, F., Pesenti, E., Stromberg, D., 2003, Evasion of mercury from coastal and open waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, Atmospheric Environment, 37, 73-84.
  14. Han, Y. J., Hopke, P. K., Yi, S. M., 2005, Comparison between back-trajectory based modeling and Lagrangian backward dispersion modeling for locating sources of reactive gaseous mercury, Environmental science technology, 38, 5353-5361.
  15. Keeler, G. J., Landis, M. S., 1997, Lake Michigan mass balance methods compendium : Standard operating procedure for analysis of vapor phase mercury, university of Michigan air quality laboratory.
  16. Kim, S. H., Han, Y. J., Holsen, T. M., Yi, S. M., 2009, Characteristics of atmospheric speciated mercury concentrations (TGM, Hg(II) and Hg(p)) in Seoul, Korea, Atmospheric Environment, 43, 3267-3274 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.038
  17. Lee, D. S., Dollard, G. J., Pepler, S., 1998, Gas-phase Mercury in the Atmosphere of the United Kingdom, Atmospheric Environment, 32(5), 855-864 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00316-6
  18. Pacyna, J., Pacyna, E., Steenhuisen, F., Wilson, S., 2003, Mapping 1995 global anthropogenic emissions of mercury, Atmospheric Environment, 37, 109-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00239-5
  19. Pacyna, E., Pacyna, J., 2002, Global Emission of Mercury from anthropogenic sources in 1995, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 137, 149-165. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015502430561
  20. Pacyna, E., Pacyna, J., Steenhuisen, F., Wilson, S., 2006, Global anthropogenic mercury emission inventory for 2000, Atmospheric Environment, 40(22), 4048- 4063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.03.041
  21. Seibert, P., Kromp-Kolb, H., Baltensperger, U., Jost, D.T., Schwikowski, M., Kasper, A., Puxbaum, H., 1994, Trajectory analysis of aerosol measurements at High Alpine Sites. In: Borrell, P. M., Borrell, P., Cvitas, T., Seiler, W. (Eds.), Transport and Transformation of Pollutants in the Troposphere. Academic Publishing, Den Haag, 689-693.
  22. U.S. EPA, 1997a, Mercury study report to Congress. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards and Office of Research and Development; EPA-452/R- 97-005; U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
  23. U.S. EPA, 1997b, Locating and estimating air emissions from sources of mercury and mercury compounds (Mercury L&E); Final draft report; EPA-454/R-97- 0121997; Research Triangle Park, NC.

Cited by

  1. Analysis on High Concentration Air Pollution Cases in Gimhae Region Using the WRF Numerical Model vol.22, pp.8, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2013.22.8.1029
  2. Transportation Route in Gimhae Region Using the HYSPLIT Model vol.22, pp.8, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2013.22.8.1043
  3. Estimation of PM10 source locations in Busan using PSCF model vol.24, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2015.24.6.793