Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer (한국토양비료학회지)

Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer (한국토양비료학회)
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Three Dimensional Measurements of Pore Morphological and Hydraulic Properties

토양 공극 형태와 수문학적 특성에 대한 3 차원적 측정

  • Chun, Hyen-Chung (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Gimenez, Daniel (Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey) ;
  • Yoon, Sung-Won (National Institute for Agronomic Research) ;
  • Heck, Richard (Department of Land Resource Science, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph) ;
  • Elliot, Tom (Department of Land Resource Science, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph) ;
  • Ziska, Laise (Agricultural Research Services) ;
  • Geaorge, Kate (Agricultural Research Services) ;
  • Sonn, Yeon-Kyu (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Ha, Sang-Keun (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 전현정 (농촌진흥청, 국립농업과학원 농업환경부) ;
  • ;
  • 윤성원 (프랑스 국립 농업 연구원) ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • 손연규 (농촌진흥청, 국립농업과학원 농업환경부) ;
  • 하상건 (농촌진흥청, 국립농업과학원 농업환경부)
  • Received : 2010.08.08
  • Accepted : 2010.08.11
  • Published : 2010.08.31
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Abstract

Pore network models are useful tools to investigate soil pore geometry. These models provide quantitative information of pore geometry from 3D images. This study presents a pore network model to quantify pore structure and hydraulic characteristics. The objectives of this work were to apply the pore network model to characterize pore structure from large images to quantify pore structure, calculate water retention and hydraulic conductivity properties from a three dimensional soil image, and to combine measured hydraulic properties from experiments with calculated hydraulic properties from image. Soil samples were taken from a site located at the Baltimore science center, which is located inside of the city. Undisturbed columns were taken from the site and scanned with a computer tomographer at resolutions of 22 ${\mu}m$. Pore networks were extracted by medial-axis transformation and were used to measure pore geometry from one of the scanned samples. Water retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity values were calculated from the soil image. Properties of soil bulk density, water retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity were measured from three replicates of scanned soil samples. 3D image analysis provided accurate detailed pore properties such as individual pore volumes, pore length, and tortuosity of all pores. These data made possible to calculate accurate estimations of water retention and hydraulic conductivity. Combination of the calculated and measured hydraulic properties gave more accurate information on pore sizes over wider range than measured or calculated data alone. We could conclude that the hydraulic property computed from soil images and laboratory measurements can describe a full structure of intra- and inter-aggregate pores in soil.

포어 네트웍 모델들 (Pore network model)은 토양 공극의 구조를 조사할 때 유용한 도구들이다. 이런 모델들은 삼차원 이미지들에서 공극의 구조와 관련된 양적 정보를 제공한다. 이 연구는 포어 네트웍 모델을 이용하여 공극의 구조와 수리학적 특성들을 양적으로 측정하였다. 연구목표는 큰 크기의 이미지에서 공극의 구조에 관한 양적 정보를얻기 위해 포어 네트웍 모델을 적용하고, 토양수분특성과 수리 전도도를 삼차원 이미지로부터 계산하고 이 값들은 실험을 통해 얻어진 실험값들과 결합하여 토양의 수리적 특성을 분석하는 것이었다. 토양 시료들은 발티모아 도시 중심에 있는발티모어 과학센터에 위치한 실험부지에서 채취되었다. 불교란 원주형 시료들이 채취되었고, 22 ${\mu}m$ 의 해상도로 x선 단층 촬영되었다. 포어 네트웍은 중심축 변형에 의해 공극에서 축출되었고 이를 바탕으로 공극 구조가 계산되었다. 토양수분특성과 불포화 수리 전도도 값들은 토양 이미지에서 계산 되었다. 토양 밀도, 토양수분특성과 불포화 수리 전도도들은 3 토양 시료들로부터 실험을 통해 구하였다. 삼차원 이미지 분석은 토양 공극의 특성들을, 예를 들어 공극 부피, 길이, 굴곡도, 가장 정확히 분석하였다. 이런 정확한 분석은 토양 내 수문학적 정보를 정확히 산출할 수 있게 하였다. 계산된 값과 실험을 통한 실험치의 결합은 공극에 대한 더 광범한 범위를 분석할 수 있게 하였다. 이 연구를 통해 이미지에서 계산되고 측정된 수문학적 자료들은 토양 내대기공과 소기공을 모두 다 설명해 줄 수 있는 방법이라는 것이 밝혀졌다.

Keywords

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