Chemical Properties and Nutrient Loadings of Rainwater during Farming Season

영농기 강우의 화학적 특성 및 부하량 평가

  • Received : 2010.09.13
  • Accepted : 2010.09.29
  • Published : 2010.10.30

Abstract

Acid rain and its problem to environment such as acid precipitation and environmental problems related to the air pollution in East Asia has been emerging. To evaluate the acidity and chemical characteristics of rainwater precipitated in western Korea, Suwon and Taean, its pH and ion concentrations were investigated during farming season (April to November) in 2009. Also, ion composition and cation-affected neutralization were determined to evaluate the contribution of cations on the acidity of rainwater. Ion and electrical conductivity between the measured and the estimated showed high correlation. The $Na^+$ in rainwater was the main cation followed by ${NH_4}^+>Ca^{2+}>H^+>Mg^{2+}>K^+$. Sum of $Na^+$ and ${NH_4}^+$ contents was over 65% of total cations contents. In the case of anions, the concentration was in order of ${SO_4}^{2-}>{NO_3}^->Cl^-$. The ${SO_4}^{2-}$ among anions in rainwater composed about 61%, which showed on average 130.2 ${\mu}eq\;L^{-1}$ and 121.3 ${\mu}eq\;L^{-1}$ during monitoring at Suwon and Taean, respectively. Also, 89.6 and 88.6% of soluble sulfate in rainwater at Suwon and Taean area was NSS-${SO_4}^{2-}$ (Non-Sea Salt sulfate). Especially, ${NH_4}^+$ and $Ca^{2+}$ contributed greatly in neutralizing the acid rain in dry season. Total nitrogen content flowed into soil from rain was around 1~2 kg $ha^{-1}$ in each month, but in July at Suwon, it reached 6 kg $ha^{-1}$ due to heavy rain (over 7.3 mm).

수원과 태안에 위치한 농업지역에서 영농기간 중 강우의 화학적 특성을 알아보기 위하여 2009년 4월부터 11월까지 강우 53점을 채수하여 강우 중의 이온조성, 산성도 및 강우량을 고려한 가중평균 이온농도 변화를 평가하였다. 강우의 조성에서 양이온 구성은 $Na^+>{NH_4}^+>Ca^{2+}>H^+>Mg^{2+}>K^+$의 순이었으며, $Na^+$${NH_4}^+$ 성분이 전체 양이온 조성의 65% 이상을 차지하였다. 음이온은 ${SO_4}^{2-}>{NO_3}^->Cl^-$ 순으로 ${SO_4}^{2-}$가 약 61%를 차지하였다. 조사 기간 중 평균 sulfate 함량은 수원 130.2 ${\mu}eq\;L^{-1}$ 태안121.3 ${\mu}eq\;L^{-1}$이었으며, 이중 비해염 sulfate (NSS-${SO_4}^{2-}$)함량이 92%를 차지하여 강우 중에 함유된 sulfate의 대부분이 인위적인 발생원에 기인된 것을 알 수 있었다. 강우량을 고려한 월별 질소 부하량은 약 1~2 kg $ha^{-1}$정도로 토양에 공급되는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 특히, 수원지역의 7월 강우사상별 강우량은 7.3 mm 이상으로 총질소는 6 kg $ha^{-1}$로 가장 많이 부하되는 것으로 나타났다. 주요 영농기인 4~10월 동안 ${SO_4}^{2-}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$의 부하량은 수원에서 각각 56.0, 7.4, 5.7, 1.4 kg $ha^{-1}$ 이었고, 태안에서 각각 42.8, 4.7, 2.6, 1.4 kg $ha^{-1}$ 이었다.

Keywords

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