생태와환경 (Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment)

  • 제43권4호
  • /
  • Pages.453-458
  • /
  • 2010
  • /
  • 2288-1115(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2288-1123(eISSN)
한국수생태학회 (The Korean Society of Limnology)
권호 표지

Global Increases in Dissolved Organic Carbon in Rivers and Their Implications

  • Kang, Ho-Jeong (School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University) ;
  • Jang, In-Young (School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University) ;
  • Freeman, Chris (School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales)
  • 투고 : 2010.04.22
  • 심사 : 2010.05.20
  • 발행 : 2010.12.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon) is an operational terminology for organic carbon molecules dissolved in natural waters. DOC has been studied by ecologists extensively, because it plays a key role in various ecological functions such as substrates for secondary production and the carbon cycle. DOC also represents a substrate for microbial growth within potable water distribution systems, and can react with disinfectants (e.g., chloride) to form harmful disinfection by-products. In addition, residual DOC may carry with it organically bound toxic heavy metals. DOC in aquatic ecosystems may ultimately be transported to the oceans, or released back to the atmosphere by heterotrophic respiration, which can accelerate global climate change. There is evidence that DOC concentrations in aquatic ecosystems are increasing in many regions of the world including Europe, North America, and even in Korea. Land use changes, elevated temperature, elevated $CO_2$, recovery from acidification, and nitrogen deposition have been proposed as mechanisms for the trend. However, the key driving mechanism is yet to be conclusively determined. We propose that more extensive and longer-term observations, research of chemical properties of DOC, impacts of elevated DOC on environmental issues and interdisciplinary approaches are warranted as future studies to fill the gaps in our knowledge about DOC dynamics.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Allan, J.D. and M.M. Castillo. 2007. Detrital energy sources, p. 135-161. In: Stream Ecology: Structure and Function of Running Waters (Allan, J.D. and M.M. Castillo, eds.). Springer, USA.
  2. Baldauf, G. 2006. Removal of pesticides in drinking water treatment. Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobio-logica 21: 203-208.
  3. Bragazza, L., C. Freeman, T. Jones, H. Rydin, J. Limpens, N. Fenner, T. Ellis, R. Gerdol, M. Hajek, T. Hajek, P. Iacumin, L. Kutnar and T. Tahvanainen. 2006. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition promotes carbon loss from peat bogs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103: 19386-19389.
  4. Bull, R.J., L.S. Bimbaum, K.P. Cantor, J.B. Rose, B.E. Butterworth, R. Pegram and J. Tuomisto. 1995. Water chlorination: essential process or cancer hazards? Toxicological Sciences 28: 155-166. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/28.2.155
  5. Evans, C.D., D.T. Monteith and D.M. Cooper. 2005. Long-termincreases in surface water dissolved organic carbon: Observations, possible causes and environmental impacts. Environmental Pollution 137: 55-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.12.031
  6. Findlay, S.E.G. 2005. Increased carbon transport in the Hudson River: unexpected consequence of nitrogen deposition? Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3: 133-137. https://doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0133:ICTITH]2.0.CO;2
  7. Freeman, C, C.D. Evans, D.T. Monteith, B. Reynolds and N. Fenner. 2001. Export of organic carbon from peat soils. Nature 412: 785.
  8. Freeman, C., N. Fenner, N.J. Ostle, H. Kang, D.J. Dowrick, B. Reynolds, M.A. Lock, D. Sleep, S. Hughes and J. Hudson. 2004. Export of dissolved organic carbon from peatlands under elevated carbon dioxide levels. Nature 430: 195-198. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02707
  9. Garnett, M.H., P. Ineson and A.C. Stevenson. 2000. Effects of burning and grazing on carbon sequestration in a Pennine blanket bog. Holocene 10: 729-736. https://doi.org/10.1191/09596830094971
  10. Hope, D., M.F. Billett, R. Milne and T.A.W. Brown 1997. Exports of organic carbon in British rivers. Hydrological Process 11: 325-344. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19970315)11:3<325::AID-HYP476>3.0.CO;2-I
  11. Katsoyiannis, A., S.J. Hug, A. Ammann, A. Zikoudi and C. Hatziliontos. 2007. Arsenic speciation and uranium concentrations in drinking water supply wells in Northern Greece: correlations with redox indicative parameters and implications for groundwater treatment. Science of the Total Environment 383: 128-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.04.035
  12. Kogel-Knabner, I. and K.U. Totsche. 1998. Influence of dissolved and colloidal phase humic substances on the transport of hydrophobic organic contaminants in soils. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 23: 179-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-1946(98)00010-X
  13. Leenheer, J.A. 1994. Chemistry of dissolved organic matter in rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, p. 9-39. In: Environmental Chemistry of Lakes and Reservoirs. Advances in ChemisHumic Substances: Ecology and Biogeochemistry (Baker, L.A. ed.). Ecological Studies, Vol. 133, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg.
  14. Leenheer, J.A., C.E. Rostad, L.B. Barber, R.A. Schroeder, R. Anders and M.L. Davidson. 2001. Nature and chlorine reactivity of organic constituents from reclaimed water in groundwater, Los Angeles County, California. Environmental Science & Technology 35: 3869-3876. https://doi.org/10.1021/es001905f
  15. Ludwig, W. and J.L. Probst, 1996. Predicting the oceanic input of organic carbon by continental erosion. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 10: 23-41. https://doi.org/10.1029/95GB02925
  16. McKnight, D.M. and G.R. Aiken. 1998. Sources and age of aquatic humus, p. 9-37. In: Aquatic Humic Substances (Hessen, D.O. and L.J. Tranvik, eds.). Springer-Verlag, Berin Heidelberg.
  17. McKnight, D.M., K.E. Bencala, G.W. Zellweger, G.R. Aiken, G.L. Feder and K.A. Thorn. 1992. Sorption of dissolved organic carbon by hydrous aluminum and iron oxides occurring at the confluence of Deer Creek with the Snake River, Summit County, Colorado. Environmental Science & Technology 26: 1388-1396. https://doi.org/10.1021/es00031a017
  18. Monteith, D.T., J.L. Stoddard, CD. Evans, H.A. de Wit, M. Forsius, T. Hogasen, A. Wilander, B.L. Skjelkvale, D.S. Jeffries, J. Vuorenmaa, B. Keller, J. Kopacek and J. Vesely. 2007. Dissolved organic carbon trends resulting from changes in atmospheric deposition chemistry. Nature 450: 537-540. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06316
  19. Raymond, P.A. and J.E. Bauer. 2001. Riverine export of aged terrestrial organic matter to the North Atlantic Ocean. Nature 409: 497-500. https://doi.org/10.1038/35054034
  20. Skjelkvale, B.L., J.L. Stoddard, D.S. Jeffries, K. Torseth, T. Hogasen, J. Bowman, J. Mannio and D.T. Monteith. 2005. Regional scale evidence for improvements in surface water chemistry 1990-2001. Environmental Pollution 137: 165-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.12.023
  21. Tranvik, L.J. and M. Jansson. 2002. Climate change? Terrestrial export of organic carbon. Nature 415: 861-862.
  22. Water Information System, http://water.nier.go.kr/front/waterQuality/waterQualityData01.jsp
  23. Worrall, F. and T.P. Burt. 2005. Predicting the future DOC flux form upland peat catchments. Journal of Hydrology 300: 126-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.06.007
  24. Worrall, F. and T.P. Burt. 2007. Flux of dissolved organic carbon from U.K. rivers. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 21(1): GB1013. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002709
  25. Worrall, F., T.P. Burt and J. Adamson. 2004. Can climate change explain increases in DOC flux from upland peat catchments? Science of the Total Environment 326: 95-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2003.11.022