The Effect of the Mother-Child Development Promotion Program for the Child with Developmental Delay on Mother's Depressive Mood and Parenting Stress

발달증진프로그램이 발달지연 아동 어머니의 양육 스트레스에 미치는 영향

  • Received : 2009.05.11
  • Accepted : 2009.07.13
  • Published : 2009.10.30

Abstract

Objectives : We investigated the parenting stress and depressive mood of mothers with developmentally-delayed children and the effects of participation in a mother-child development promotion program on same. Methods : Subjects were the mothers of 20 developmentally-delayed children. The severity of the mothers' parenting stress was evaluated via the Korean version of the Parenting Stress Index, Short Form (K-PSI-SF) and the severity of their depressive symptoms were evalueted by the Korean version of the Beck Depression Inventory (K-BDI). Results : The mean K-PSI-SF score and mean K-BDI score for these mothers were 93.35 (SD=10.47) and 23.25 (SD=10.42), respectively. These scores correspond to high parenting stress and moderate depression. The mothers who participated in a mother-child attachment- promotion program showed significant decreases in their K-PSI-SF and KBDI scores. Conclusion : Our data suggest that a mother-child attachment promotion program with emphasis on child development is effective in reducing parenting stress and depressive mood in mothers of developmentally-delayed children.

Keywords

References

  1. Ainsworth MDS. Infant-mother attachment. Am Psychol 1979;34:932-937. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.932
  2. Kanner L. Autistic disturbance of affective contact. Nerv child 1943;2:217-250.
  3. Buitelaar J. Attachment and social withdrawal in autism: Hypotheses and findings. Behaviour 1995;132:319-350. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853995X00595
  4. DeMyer MK. Parents and children in autism, Washington DC: VH Winston & Sons;1979.
  5. Kasari C, Yirmiya N, Sigman M, Mundy P. Affect expression: A comparison of autistic, MR and normal children. Washington DC: American Psychological Association;1986.
  6. Hong KE. An overview of the nature and the changing concepts in commemoration of Kanner's original publication. J Kor Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1993;4:3-26.
  7. Koegel RL, Schreibman L, Loos LM. Consistent stress profiles in mothers of children with autism. J Autism Dev Disord 1992;22:205-216. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01058151
  8. Olsson MB, Hwang CP. Depression in mothers and fathers of children with intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res 2001;45:535-543. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2788.2001.00372.x
  9. Weiss MJ. Hardiness and social support as predictors of stress in mothers of typical children, children with autism, and children with mental retardation. Autism 2002;6:115-130. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361302006001009
  10. Allik H, Larsson JO, Smedje H. Health-related quality of life in parents of school-age children with Asperger syndrome or highfunctioning autism. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2006;4:1. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-4-1
  11. Little L. Differences in stress and coping for mothers and fathers of children with Asperger's syndrome and nonverbal learning disorders. Pediatr Nurs 2002;28:565-570.
  12. Kyoko M, Takeshi U, Anna S, Patricia H. Parental stress associated with caring for children with Asperger's syndrome or autism. Int Pediatr 2009;51:364-370. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200X.2008.02728.x
  13. Bolton PF, Pickles A, Murphy M, Rutter M. Autism, affective and other psychiatric disorders: patterns of familial aggregation. Psychol Med 1998;28:385-395. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291797006004
  14. Piven J, Palmer P. Psychiatric disorder and the broader autism phenotype: evidence from a family study of multiple-incidence autism families. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:557-563.
  15. Smalley SL, Mccracken J, Tangyay P. Autism, affective disorders, and social phobia. Am J Med Genet 1995;60:19-26. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.1320600105
  16. Ha eh, Oh KJ, Kim EJ. Depressive symptoms and family relationship of married women: Focused on parenting stress and marital dissatisfaction. Kor J Clin Psychol 1999;18:79-93.
  17. Vrono MSH, Bashina VM. Problem of adaptation of patients with syndrome of early childhood autism. Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr Im S Korsakova 1987;87:1511-1516.
  18. Jocelyn LJ, Casiro OG, Beattie D, Bow J, Kneisz J. Treatment of children with autism: randomized controlled trial to evaluate a caregiver based intervention program in community day care centers. J Dev Behav Pediatr 1998;19:326-340. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004703-199810000-00002
  19. Im SB. An effect of the mother-child attachment promotion program for the child with pervasive developmental disorder. Seoul: Seoul National Univ;1997.
  20. Im SB, Ju SJ, Hong KE. Effect of the attachment promotion therapy program for the children with autistic spectrum disorder. J Kor Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006;17:91-97.
  21. Abidin RR. Parenting stress index short form. Charlottesvile: Pediatric Psychology;1990.
  22. Shin SJ, Chung MJ. Effects of stress, social support and efficacy on mothers' parenting behavior. Seoul: Yonsei Univ;1997.
  23. Han HM, Yeom TH, Shin YW, Kim KH, Yoon DJ, Chung KJ. A standardization study of Beck depression inventory in Korea. Kor J Neuropsychiatr Assoc 1986;25:487-502.
  24. Beck AT. Depression: clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects, 1st ed. New York: Hoeber Medical Division, Harper & Row;1967.
  25. Yang YS. A comparative study on parenting stress between mothers who have young children with and without disabilities. Kor J Hum Ecol 2007;16:17-26. https://doi.org/10.5934/KJHE.2007.16.1.017
  26. Lotter V. Follow-up studies. In: Rutter M, Schopler E, editors. Autism: A reappraisal of concepts and treatment. New York: Plenum Press;1978. p.475-495.
  27. Wolf LC, Goldberg BD. Autistic children grow up: An eight to twenty-four year follow-up study. Can J Psychiatry 1986;31:550-556. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674378603100613
  28. Paul RB. Anger, stress proliferation, and depressed mood among parents of children with ASD: A longitudinal replication. J Autism Dev Disord 2009;39:350-362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0632-0
  29. Kang KM, Kwak YS, Lee SK. Correlation between depression of mothers with autistic children and severity of autistic symptoms of their children. J Kor Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1998;9:148-153.
  30. Chil YY, Kim JH, Cho SM, Hong SD, Oh EY. The effect of ADHD child mot her's depressive mood, parenting stress, and parenting related attitude on parenting behavior. J Kor Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2003;13:153-162.