Biomolecules & Therapeutics

The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology (한국응용약물학회)
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Metabolism of Soyasaponin I by Human Intestinal Microflora and Its Estrogenic and Cytotoxic Effects

  • Chang, Seo-Young (Departments of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Han, Myung-Joo (Departments of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Han, Sang-Jun (Departments of Pharmaceutical Science, Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Kim, Dong-Hyun (Departments of Pharmaceutical Science, Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University)
  • Published : 2009.10.31
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Abstract

Metabolites of Soyasaponin I, a major constituent of soybean, by human intestinal microflora were investigated by LC-MS/MS analysis. We found four peaks, one parental constituent and three metabolites: m/z 941 [M-H]$^-$, m/z 795 [M-rha-H]$^-$, m/z 441 [aglycone-$H_2O$+H]$^+$, and m/z 633 [M-rha-gal-H]$^-$, which was an unknown metabolite, soyasapogenol B 3-$\beta$-D-glucuronide. When soyasaponin I was incubated with the human fecal microbial fraction from ten individuals for 48 h, soyasaponin I was metabolized to soyasapogenol B via soyasaponin III and soyasapogenol B 3-$\beta$-D-glucuronide or via soyasaponin III alone. Both soyasaponin I and its metabolite soyasapgenol B exhibited estrogenic activity. Soyasaponin I increased the proliferation, mRNA expression of c-fos and pS2, in MCF7 cells more potently than soyasapogenol B. However, soyasapogenol B showed potent cytotoxicity against A549, MCF7, HeLa and HepG2 cells, while soyasaponin I did not. The cytotoxicity of soyasapogenol B may prevent its estrogenic effect from increasing dose-dependently. These findings suggest that orally administered soyasaponin I may be metabolized to soyasapogenol B by intestinal microflora and that soyasapogenol B may express a cytotoxic effect rather than an estrogenic effect.

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References

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