Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Changes in Lymphocyte DNA Damage and Antioxidant Status after Supplementing Propolis to Korean Smokers: A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Cross-Over Trial

프로폴리스 섭취 후 흡연자의 임파구 DNA 손상도 및 항산화 상태의 변화: 이중맹검 교차 인체시험

  • Kang, Myung-Hee (Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University) ;
  • Lee, Hye-Jin (Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University) ;
  • Kim, Mi-Kyung (Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Sung, Mi-Kyung (Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University) ;
  • Kwon, O-Ran (Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Park, Yoo-Kyoung (Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University)
  • 강명희 (한남대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이혜진 (한남대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김미경 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 성미경 (숙명여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 권오란 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 박유경 (경희대학교 동서의학대학원 의학영양학과)
  • Published : 2009.07.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Smoking has been known to exacerbate the initiation and propagation of oxidative stresses. Efforts have been made to reduce the smoking-induced oxidative stresses using commercial dietary supplements. Propolis is the resinous substance collected by bees from the leaf buds and bark of trees, especially poplar and conifer trees. In this trial, we examined whether a daily supplementation of 800 mg propolis can protect endogenous lymphocytic DNA damage and modulate antioxidative enzyme activities and the level of antioxidant vitamin in smokers using a placebo-controlled, doubleblinded cross-over trial. After two weeks of running-in period, 29 smokers (mean age 34.38 ${\pm}$ 1.73) received 6 tablets/day of either propolis or placebo pills for 4 weeks. After 2 weeks of washout period the subjects switched they pills for cross-over study. The degree of DNA damage (assessed by tail DNA, tail length and tail moment) was not significantly changed with propolis intake or placebo intake. Similarly, total antioxidant status (TAS) remained at the same level regardless of the treatment. Erythrocyte catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), plasma vitamin C and tocopherol level did not differ before and after propolis treatment, and did not differ between treatments. Putting all these results together, we would suggest that it is still too early to claim that propolis possess antioxidative activities.

흡연은 신체 내 산화 스트레스를 유발할 뿐 아니라 체내 항산화 상태를 악화시킨다. 따라서 흡연으로 인해 유도되는 산화 스트레스를 줄여주기 위한 여러 다양한 식품영양학적인 시도들이 되어져 왔다. 프로폴리스는 꿀벌이 자신의 생존과 번식을 유지하기 위하여 여러 식물에서 뽑아낸 수지에 꿀벌 자신의 침과 효소 등을 혼합하여 만든 천연 물질이다. 본 연구에서는 프로폴리스가 산화 스트레스로 인해 나타난 흡연자의 DNA 손상을 회복시키어 항산화 영양 상태를 개선시키는지를 보고자 하여 placebo를 사용하는 double- blind cross-over 인체시험을 수행하였다. 흡연자에게 800 mg의 프로폴리스와 placebo를 4주 섭취시킨 후 2주 washout period를 가진 뒤 다시 군을 바꾸어 교차시험으로 4주간 섭취시킨 후, comet assay에 의한 DNA 손상도 및 신체 내 항산화 효소 수준, 총 항산화력 및 항산화 비타민 상태를 분석하였다. 처음 2주 동안의 고갈기간 후에 흡연자 29명 (평균나이: 34.38 ${\pm}$ 1.73세)을 프로폴리스군과 위약군의 두 군으로 나누어 하루에 프로폴리스 또는 위약을 4주 동안 공급하였고 2주 동안의 washout 기간을 가진 후에 교차실험을 위해 대상자의 군을 바꾸어 다시 4주 동안 프로폴리스와 위약을 공급하였다. Comet assay로 분석한 대상자의 임파구 DNA 손상정도는 프로폴리스를 섭취한 군이나 위약을 섭취한 군 간에 차이를 보이지 않았으며 총 항산화 영양상태도 두 군 간에 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 적혈구 항산화 효소인 catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) 활성도, 그리고 혈장 vitamin C와 tocopherol 수준도 프로폴리스군과 위약군 사이에 차이를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 흡연자에 있어서 프로폴리스의 항산화 효과를 평가하기 위해서는 앞으로 더 다양한 연구가 필요하리라고 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Gomez-Caravaca AM, Gomez-Romero M, Arraez-Roman D, Segura-Carretero A, Fernandez-Gutierrez A. Advances in the analysis of phenolic compounds in products derived from bees. J Pharmacol Bio Anal 2006; 41: 1220-1234 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2006.03.002
  2. Banskota AH, Tezuka Y, Kadota S. Recent progress in pharmacological research of propolis. Phytother Res 2001; 15: 561-571 https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1029
  3. Kartal M, Yildiz S, Kaya S, Kurucu S, Topcu G. Antimicrobial activity of propolis samples from two different regions of Anatolia. J Ethnopharmacol 2003; 86: 69-73 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00042-4
  4. Amoros M, Lurton E, Boustie J, Girre L. Comparison of the antiherpes simplex virus activities of propolis and 3-methylbut-2-enyl caffeate. J Nat Prod 1994; 64: 235-240 https://doi.org/10.1021/np50107a013
  5. Wang L, Mineshita S, Ga I, Shigematsu T, Matsuno T, Antiinflammatory effect of propolis. Jpn J Pharmacol Ther 1993; 24: 223-224 https://doi.org/10.3999/jscpt.24.223
  6. OrDolic N, Terzic S, Mihaljevic Zver L, BaDic I. Effects of local administration of propolis and its polyphenolic compounds on tumor formation and growth. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28(1): 928-933 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.28.1928
  7. Murad JM, Calvi SA, Soares AMVC, Bankova V, Sforcin JM. Effect of propolis from Brazil and Bulgaria in fungicidal activity of mactophages against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 79: 331-334 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00404-4
  8. Ahn MR, Kunimasa K, Ohta T, Kumazawa S. Suppression of tumor-induced angiogenesis by Brazilian propolis: Major component artepillin C inhibits in vitro tube formation and endothelial cell proliferation. Cancer Lett 2007; 252: 235-243 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2006.12.039
  9. Nakajima Y, Shimazawa M, Mishima S, Hara H. Water extract of propolis and its main constituents, caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, exert neuroprotective effects via antioxidant actions. Life Sci 2007; 80: 370-377 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2006.09.017
  10. Ahn MR, Kunimasa K, Kumazawa S, Nakayama T, Kaji K, Uto Y, Hori H, Nagasawa H, Ohta T. Correlation between antiangiogenic activity and antioxidant activity of various components from propolis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53(5): 643-651 https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200800021
  11. Kumazawa S, Hamasaka T, Nakayama T. Antioxidant activity of propolis of various geographic origins. Food Chem 2004; 84: 329-339 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00216-4
  12. Isla MI, Nieva Moreno MI, Sampietro AR, Vattuone MA. Antioxidant activity of Argentine propolis extracts. J Ethnopharmacol 2001; 76(2): 165-170 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00231-8
  13. Russo A, Cardile V, Sanchez F, Troncoso N, Vanella A, Garbarino JA. Chilean propolis: antioxidant activity and antiproliferative action in human tumor cell lines. Life Sci 2004; 76(5): 545-558 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2004.07.019
  14. Russo A, Longo R, Vanella A. Antioxidant activity of propolis: role of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and galangin. Fitoterapia 2002; 73 Suppl 1: S21-S29 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00187-9
  15. Abo-Salem OM, El-Edel RH, Harisa GE, El-Halawany N, Ghonaim MM. Experimental diabetic nephropathy can be prevented by propolis: Effect on metabolic disturbances and renal oxidative parameters. Pak J Pharm Sci 2009; 22(2): 205-210
  16. El-Sayed el-SM, Abo-Salem OM, Aly HA, Mansour AM. Potential antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of propolis extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pak J Pharm Sci 2009; 22(2): 168-174
  17. Jasprica I, Mornar A, Debeljak Z, Smolci?Bubalo A, Medi? Sari?M, Mayer L, Romi?Z, Bu?n K, Balog T, Sobocanec S, Sverko V. In vivo study of propolis supplementation effects on antioxidative status and red blood cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2007; 110(3): 548-554 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.10.023
  18. Kim CS, Kang HJ, Lee SH, Park YK, Kang MH. The effect of alpha-tocopherol supplementation on the improvement of antioxidant status and lymphocyte DNA damage in postmenopausal women. Korean J Nutr 2007; 40(8): 708-718
  19. Park E, Kang MH. Smoking and high plasma triglyceride levels as risk factors for oxidative DNA damage in the Korean population. Ann Nutr Metab 2004; 48: 36-42 https://doi.org/10.1159/000075083
  20. Kim HY, Park YK, Kim TS, Kang MH. The effect of green vegetable drink supplementation on blood pressure, erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities and plasma lipid profiles of Korean male subjects. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 2006; 35(3): 344-352 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2006.35.3.344
  21. Park YK, Park E, Kim JS, Kang MH. Daily grape juice consumption reduces oxidative DNA damage and plasma free rdical levels in healthy Koreans. Mutat Res 2004; 529: 77-86 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0027-5107(03)00109-X
  22. Matshshige K, Kusumoto IT, Yamamoto Y, Kadota S, Nambe T. Quality evaluation of propolis. 1. A comparative study on radical scavenging effects of propolis and vespae nidus. J Trad Med 1995; 12: 45-53
  23. Matshushige K, Basnet P, Kadota S, Namba T. Potent free radical scavenging activity of dicaffeoyl quinic acid derivatives from propolis. J Trad Med 1996; 13: 217-228
  24. Hayashi K, Komura S, Isaji N, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Isolation fo antioxidative compounds from Brzillian propolis: 3, 4-dihydroxy-5-prenylcinnamic acid, a novel potent antioxidant. Chem Pharm Bull 1999; 47: 1521-1524 https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.47.1521
  25. Banskota AH, Tezuka Y, Adnyana IK, et al. Biological evaluation of propolis form Brazil, Peru, the Netherlands and China. J Ethnopharmacol 2000; 72: 239-246 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00252-X
  26. Oyaizu M, Ogihara H, Fujimoto Y. Antioxidative activity of extracts from propolis. J Jap Oil Chem Soc 1999; 48: 135-138 https://doi.org/10.5650/jos1996.48.135
  27. Williams RJ, Spencer JPE, Rice-Evans CA. Flavonoids: antioxidants or signaling molecules? Free Radic Biol Med 2004; 36: 838-849 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.01.001
  28. Galati G, O’rien PJ. Potential toxicity of flavonoids and other dietary phenolics: significance for their chemopreventive and anticancer properties. Free Radic Biol Med 2004; 37: 287-303 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.04.034
  29. Cherubini A, Beal MF, Frei B. Black tea increases the resistance of human plasma to lipid peroxidation in vitro, but not in vivo.? Free Radic Biol Med 1999; 27: 381-387 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(99)00064-7
  30. Sung MK, Kim MK, Kang MH. Establishment of functional evaluation system for antioxidants (II): Re-evaluation of functionality for antioxidant health foods listed in Korean Food Codex. Final Report of the Korean Food and Drug Administration Research Project; 2004
  31. Anderson HR, Nielsen JB, Nielsen F, Grandjean P. Antioxidative enzyme activities in human erythrocytes. Clin Chem 1997; 43: 562-568
  32. Kutlu M, Naziroglu M, Simsek H, Yilmaz T, Sahap Kukner A. Moderate exercise combined with dietary vitamins C and E counteracts oxidative stress in the kidney and lens of streptozotocin-indeced diabetic rat. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2005; 75: 71-80 https://doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.75.1.71
  33. Kismet K, Sabuncuoglu MZ, Kilicoglu SS, Kilicoglu B, Devrim E, Erel S, Sunay AE, Erdemli E, Durak I, Akkus MA. Effect of propolis on oxidative stress and histomorphology of liver tissue in experimental obstructive jaundice. Eur Surg Res 2009; 41(2): 231-237 https://doi.org/10.1159/000136479
  34. Cederbaum AI. Introduction-serial review: alcohol, oxidative stress and cell injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2001; 31: 1524-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(01)00741-9
  35. Konopacka M, Rzeszowska-Wolny J. Antioxidant vitamin C, E and beta-carotene reduce DNA damage before as well as after gamma-ray irradiation of human hymphocytes in vitro. Mutat Res 2001; 491: 1-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5718(00)00133-9
  36. MaCall MR, Frei B. Can antioxidant vitamins materially reduce oxidative damage in humans? Free Radic Biol Med 1999; 26: 1034-1053 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00302-5
  37. Duthie SJ, Ma A, Ross MA, Collins AR. Antioxidant supplementation decreases oxidative DNA damage in human lymphocytes. Cancer Res 1996; 56: 1291-1295
  38. Stahl W, Junghans A, de Boer B, Driomina ES, Briviba K. Carotenoids mixtures protect multilamellar liposomes against oxidative damage: synergistic effects of lycopene and lutein. FEBS Lett 1998; 427: 305-308 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00434-7
  39. WCRF. Food, nutrition and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. Washington, DC. World Cancer Research Fund, American Institute for Cancer Research; 1997
  40. Bazzano LA, Serdula MK, Liu S. Dietary intake of fruits and vegetables and risk of cardiovascular disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2003; 5: 492-499 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-003-0040-z
  41. John JH, Ziebland S, Yudkin P, LS Roe. Effects of fruit and vegetable consumption on plasma antioxidant concentrations and blood pressure: randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 359: 1969-1974 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)98858-6
  42. Silliman K, Parry J, Kirk LL, Prior RL. Pycnogenol does not impact the antioxidant or vitamin C status of healthy young adults. J Am Diet Assoc 2003; 103: 67-72 https://doi.org/10.1053/jada.2003.5004
  43. Chopra M, O'Neill ME, Keogh N, Wortley G, Southon S, Thurnham DI. Influence of increased fruit and vegatable intake on plasma and lipoprotein carotenoids and LDL oxidation in smokers and nonsmokers. Clin Chem 2000; 46(11): 1818-1829

Cited by

  1. 일부 남녀 대학생에서 혈장 호모시스테인 농도와 산화 스트레스 지표와의 상관관계 vol.43, pp.5, 2009, https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2010.43.5.443