Implicit Knowledge on Children's Leadership and Creative Leaders' Styles by Teachers and Children

아동 리더십에 관한 교사와 아동의 암묵적 지식과 양측이 리더로 지각한 아동들의 창의적 리더 유형 차이

  • Pyo, Jung-Min (Dept. of Child Psychology & Education, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Choe, In-Soo (Dept. of Child Psychology & Education, Sungkyunkwan University)
  • 표정민 (성균관대학교 인재개발학과) ;
  • 최인수 (성균관대학교 인재개발학과 및 아동학과)
  • Received : 2009.04.30
  • Accepted : 2009.11.11
  • Published : 2009.12.31

Abstract

This study examined differences between teachers' and children's implicit knowledge, perception and characteristics of leaders, and creative leadership styles of perceived leaders. The 207 elementary 6th grade student and 13 elementary teacher participants completed open questionnaires. Results showed that (1) 30% of implicit knowledge of children's leadership between teachers and children were different; teachers included more charismatic features; children focused on responsibilities of leaders. (2) The list of perceived leaders' traits were similar to the implicit traits in both groups. (3) Scores of perceived leaders by teachers and children were higher in creativity and leadership than those of ordinary children. Over 75 percent of perceived leaders were also classified as creative leaders.

Keywords

References

  1. 권기성.최진성(1997). 리더십지각 연구. 한국행정논집, 9(3), 389-406.
  2. 김미숙(2006). 리더십 검사도구의 타당성 및 신뢰성 분석. 한국교육개발원.
  3. 김순자(2001). 아동의 가정환경 변인과 리더십간의 관계 분석. 한국가족복지학, 6(2), 5-23.
  4. 김정대(2003). 청소년 참여를 통한 리더십 생활기술 요인 추출. 한국청소년학회, 10(1), 89-115.
  5. 김정일(2003). 21세기 공공부문 리더십. 한국노동교육원.
  6. 김정효(2007). 초등학교 아동을 위한 리더십 프로그램 개발. 교육과학연구, 38(3), 117-140
  7. 박선영(2001). 유아의 협동학습에서 나타나는 리더의 형성 과정. 중앙대학교 교육대학원 석사학위논문.
  8. 양수정.이순묵(1999). 지적능력의 암묵이론적 구조와 기능 : 학업지능과 실용지능을 중심으로. 한국심리학회 : 일반, 18(1), 17-47.
  9. 이경민(2007). 아동의 도덕적인 리더십함양을 위한 시스템 학급 운영 방안에 관한연구. 부산교육대학교 교육대학원 석사학위논문.
  10. 장재윤(2006). 창조적리더. 파인트리.
  11. 조은숙(1998). 리더와 배척아에 관한 연구. 경북대학교 교육대학원 석사학위논문.
  12. 최인수(1998). 창의성을 이해하기 위한 여섯 가지 질문. 한국심리학회, 17(1), 25-47.
  13. 최인수.이종구(2004). 창의성 검사 : 초등학생의 창의성 계발을 위한 창의성 검사의 해석과 활용. 한국 가이던스.
  14. 최현순(2007). 초등학교의 창의성교육 실태 분석. 전주대학교 교육대학원 석사학위논문.
  15. Addison, L., Oliver, A., & Cooper, C. (1987). Developing leadership potential in gifted children and youth. Council for Exceptional Children, Publication Sales.
  16. Adjibolosoo, S. K. (2000). The human factor in shaping the course of history and development. University Press of America, Inc.
  17. Amabile, T. M. (1983). The social psychology creativity : A componential conceptualization. Journal of Personality and social psychology, 45, 357-376. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.45.2.357
  18. Amabile, T. M. (1988). A model of creativity and innovation in organizations. Reseach in organisational behaciour, 10. CT : JAI Press, Greenwich.
  19. Amabile, T. M. (1993). Motivational Synergy : Toward New Conceptualizations of intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivaiion in the Workplace. Human Resource Management Review, 3(3), 185. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(93)90012-S
  20. Amabile, T. M., R. Conti H. C., J. Lazenby & M. Herron. (1996). Assessing the Work Environment for Creativity, The Academy of Management Journal, 39(5), 1154-1184. https://doi.org/10.2307/256995
  21. Bleedorn, B. (1986). Creativity : number one leadership talent for global futures. The Journal Creative behavior. 20(4), 276-279. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.1986.tb00444.x
  22. Chan, David W. (2000). Developing the creative ledership training program for gifted and talented students in Hong Kong. Roeper Review, 22(2), 94-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/02783190009554009
  23. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1998). Society, culture, and person : A system view of creativity. In R.J. Sternberg(Ed.), The nature of creativity. New York : Cambridge University Press, 325-339.
  24. Gardner, H. (1993). Creating Minds. New York : Basic books.
  25. Goenz, M. J. (2000). Creativity : An Essential Component for Effective Leadership in Today's Schools. Roeper Review, 22(3), 158-62. https://doi.org/10.1080/02783190009554024
  26. Hennessy B. A., & Amabile, T. M. (1988). The rol of environment in creativity. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), The nature of creativity(pp.11-38). Cambridge : MA : Cambridge University Press.
  27. Kagan, L. S. (1994). Leadership : Rethinking it-making it happen. Young Children, July, 50-54.
  28. Linden, J. A., & Fertman, C. I. (1998). Youth Leadership : A Guide to Understanding Leadership Development in Adolescents. San Francisco, California : Jossey-Bass Inc.
  29. Lord, R. G., & Maher, K. J. (1991). Leadership and information processing : Linking perceptions to performance. Boston : Unwin Hyman.
  30. Norris, C. (1990). Developing visionary leaders for tommorow's school. NASSP Bulletin, 74(526), 6-10.
  31. Nystorm, H. (1979). Creativity and innovation. London, Willey.
  32. Olsen, Shirley A. (1982). Group planning and problem-solving methods in engineering management. John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
  33. Renzulli, J. S. (2003). Conception of giftedness and its relationship to the development of social capital. In N.Colangelo & G. A. Davis (Eds.), Handbook of gifted education, Boston : Allyn & Bacon.
  34. Robinson, A. G., & Stern, S. (1997). Corporate creativily : How innovation and improvement actually happen. CA : Berrett-Koehler.
  35. Rosenthal, R. (1991). Teacher expectancy effects : A brief updale 25 years after the Pygmalion experiment. Journal if Research in Education 1, 3-12.
  36. Runco, M. A., & Bahleda, M. D. (1986). Implicit theories of artistic, scientific, and everyday creativity. Journal of Cretitive Behavior, 20, 93-98. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.1986.tb00423.x
  37. Simonton, D. K. (1988). Creativity, leadership, and chance. In R. J. Sternberg(Ed.), The nature of creativity. New York : Cambridge University Press, 386-426.
  38. Sisk, D. A. (1993). Leadership education for the gifted. In K. A. Heller, F. J. Monks, & A. H. Passow (Eds.), International handbook of research and development of giftedness and talent(pp.491-505). New York : Pergamon.
  39. Steers, R. M., & Black, J. S. (1994). Organizational behaviour(5th ed), New York Harper Collins.
  40. Sternberg, R. J. (1985). Implicit theories of intelligence, creativity, and wisdom. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 607-627. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.49.3.607
  41. Sternberg, R. J. (2006). Creative leadership : it's a decision. Leadership, 36(2), 22-24.
  42. Taylor, C. W. (1988). Various approaches to and definitions of creativity. In Sternberg R. J.(Ed), The nature of creativity. New York : Cambridge University Press, 99-121.
  43. Ward, T. B., Finke, R. A., & Smith, S. M. (1995). Creativity and the Mind : Discovering the Genius Within. New York : Plenum Press.