The Effects of Maternal Parenting Variables on Preschool Children's Self Regulation

어머니의 양육관련 변인과 유아의 자기조절 능력과의 관련성 탐색

  • Cho, Young-Suk (Department of Child Psychology & Education, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Lee, Yang-Hee (Department of Child Psychology & Education, Sungkyunkwan University)
  • Published : 2009.07.01

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to develop a model for preschool children's self regulation by examining the effects of maternal parenting variables on preschool children's self regulation. The subjects were 1219 mothers of 4- to 6-year-old preschool children attending kindergarten or child care centers located in Seoul and Kyunggi Province, Korea. For data analysis, exploratory factor analysis(EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) were applied to the survey data in the first phase and structural equation modeling(SEM) analysis in the second phase. The major results of this study were as follows: maternal parenting stress and maternal behavior were the most direct influential variables on preschool children's self-regulation. Moreover, maternal parenting efficacy was indirectly mediated through maternal behavior.

Keywords

References

  1. 김계수(1991). AMOS 구조방정식 모형분석. 서울: 한나래
  2. 김문신, 김광웅(2003). 어머니의 정서표현과 정서표현 수용태도가 아동의 자기조절 능력에 미치는 영향. 놀이치료연구, 6(1), 3-13
  3. 김미화(1997). 유아의 사회적 유능감 발달에 영향을 미치는 관련 변인연구. 건국대학교 박사학위 청구논문
  4. 김은영(2005). 양육스트레스, 양육효능감 및 훈육방식과 아동의 심리적 적응문제 간의 관계에 대한 경로분석. 이화여자대학교 석사학위 청구논문
  5. 김현미(2004). 어머니의 양육스트레스, 양육효능감 및 양육행동과 아동의 사회적 능력간의 관계. 이화여자대학교 석사학위 청구논문
  6. 김현미, 도현심(2004). 어머니의 양육스트레스, 양육효능감 및 양육행동과 아동의 사회적 능력간의 관계. 아동학회지, 25(6), 279-298
  7. 김혜순, 강기숙(2005). 유아의 지능, 가정양육환경 및 자기조절능력과의 관계. 한국가정관리학회지, 23(4), 17-26
  8. 문태형(2002). 어머니의 사고양식 및 양육효능감과 유아의 사회적 능력과의 관계. 아동학회지, 23(6), 49-62
  9. 박성연, 이숙(1990). 어머니의 양육행동척도 표준화를 위한 예비연구. 대한가정학회지, 28(1), 141-156
  10. 박호선(2002). 유아의 기질 및 어머니의 양육방식과 유아의 자기조절 행동 발달간의 관계. 상명대학교 박사학위 청구논문
  11. 신숙재(1997). 어머니의 양육스트레스, 사회적 지원과 부모 효능감이 양육행동에 미치는 영향. 연세대학교 박사학위 청구논문
  12. 안미경(1996). 아동의 자기조절능력 및 기질과 어머니의 양육행동간의 관계. 연세대학교 석사학위 청구논문
  13. 안지영(2001). 2-3세 자녀를 둔 어머니의 양육신념, 효능감 및 스트레스가 양육 행동에 미치는 영향. 이화여자대학교 박사학위 청구논문
  14. 양옥승, 이정란 (2003). 유아의 자기조절력 관련 변인간의 관계 분석. 교육방법연구, 15(2), 143-159
  15. 유우영(1998). 유아의 사회적 적응에 영향을 미치는 어머니 양육관련변인의 인과 관계. 전남대학교 박사학위 청구논문
  16. 유은희, 임미옥(2006). 부모의 정서표현과 아동의 자기조절 능력과의 관계. 아동학회지, 27(6), 97-106
  17. 윤진주, 강신영, 이복주(2005). 유아의 공격성과 관련변인들의 관계성 연구: 유아의 기질과 자기조절 및 어머니의 양육효능감과 양육행동을 중심으로. 한국생활과학회지, 14(5), 761-770
  18. 이경하(2009). 어머니의 양육지식, 양육스트레스, 양육효능감이 영아 발달에 미치는 영향. 경희대학교 석사학위 청구논문
  19. 이순묵(2000). 요인분석의 기초. 서울: 교육과학사
  20. 이은주(2004). 유아용 자기조절 척도의 표준화 연구. 성균관대학교 석사학위 청구논문
  21. 이정란(2003). 유아의 자기조절 구성요인 및 관련 변인에 대한 구조분석. 덕성여자대학교 박사학위 청구논문
  22. 조영숙, 이양희(2007). 어머니의 양육효능감 척도 개발 및 타당화 연구: 취학전 아동을 중심으로. 대한가정학회지, 45(4), 97-112
  23. 조인경(2004). 어머니의 인식, 양육효능감, 유아의 인지능력, 공유하는 정서와 어머니의 유관조절 행동과의 관계. 이화여자대학교 박사학위 청구논문
  24. 최지현 (2001). 유아의 기질과 어머니의 양육태도와 유아의 자기통제와의 관계. 유아교육, 10(1), 133-146
  25. 최형성 (2001). 어머니의 사회적 지원 및 스트레스와 아동의 기질이 어머니의 양육효능감에 미치는 영향. 고려대학교 박사학위 청구논문
  26. 최형성, 정옥분(2001). 어머니의 양육효능감 척도의 개발. 아동학회지, 22(3), 1-15
  27. 한영민(2005). 부모의 정서표현 및 유아에 대한 정서표현 수용태도와 유아의 자기조절 능력과의 관계. 이화여자대학교 석사학위 청구논문
  28. 홍세희(2000). 구조방정식 모형의 적합도 지수 선정기준과 그 근거. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 19(1), 161-177
  29. Abidin, R. P.(1992). The determinants of parenting behavior. The Journal of Clinical Child, 21(4), 401-412 https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp2104_12
  30. Allen, C.(1993). An investigation of parenting efficacy. Unpublished manuscript. University of Geogia, Athens, USA
  31. Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W.(1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-423 https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
  32. Ardeit, M., & Eccles, J. S.(2001). Effects of mother's parental efficacy beliefs and promotive parenting strategies on inner-city youth. Journal of Family Issues, 22(8), 944-972 https://doi.org/10.1177/019251301022008001
  33. Bandura, A.(1989). Regulation of cognitive process through perceived self-efficacy. Developmental Psychology, 25(5), 729-735 https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.25.5.729
  34. Bandura, A., Babaranelli, C., Caorara, G. V., & Pastrorelli, C.(1996). Multifaceted impact of selfefficacy on academic function. Child Development, 67, 1206-1222 https://doi.org/10.2307/1131888
  35. Belsky, J.(1984). The determinants of parenting: A process model. Child Development, 55, 83-96 https://doi.org/10.2307/1129836
  36. Belsky, J., & Rovine, M.(1990). Patterns of marital change across the transition to parenthood. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, 5-19 https://doi.org/10.2307/352833
  37. Benasich, A. A., & Brooks-Gunn, J.(1996). Maternal attitudes and knowledge of child rearing: Association with family and child outcomes. Child Development, 67, 1186-1205 https://doi.org/10.2307/1131887
  38. Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G.(1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606 https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588
  39. Bohlin, G., & Hagekull, B.(1987). 'Good mothering' : Maternal attitudes and mother-child interaction. Infant Mental Health Journal, 8, 352-363 https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0355(198724)8:4<352::AID-IMHJ2280080404>3.0.CO;2-R
  40. Brenner, V., & Fox, R. A.(1998). Parental discipline and behavior problems in young children. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 159, 251-256 https://doi.org/10.1080/00221329809596149
  41. Bronson, M. B.(2000). Self-regulation in early childhood:Nature and nurture. NY: The Guilford Press
  42. Bryant, B. K., & Crockenberg, S.(1980). Correlates and domensions of prosocial behavior: A study of female siblings with their mothers. Child Development, 51, 529-544 https://doi.org/10.2307/1129288
  43. Bugental, D. B., Blue, J., & Cruzcosa, M.(1989). Perceived control over caring outcomes: Implications for child abuse. Developmental Psychology, 25, 532-539 https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.25.4.532
  44. Cole, M., & Cole, S.(1989). The development of children. New York: W. H. Freeman
  45. Coleman, P. K., & Karraker, K. H.(1997). Self-efficacy and parenting quality: Findings and future applications. Developmental Review, 18, 47-85 https://doi.org/10.1006/drev.1997.0448
  46. Coleman, P. K., & Karraker, K. H.(2003). Maternal self-efficacy beliefs, competence in parenting, and toddler's behavior and developmental status. Infant Mental Health Journal, 24(2), 126-148 https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.10048
  47. Conrad, B., Gross, D., Fogg, L., & Ruchala, P.(1992). Maternal confidence, knowledge, and quality of mother-toddler interaction: A preliminary study. Infant Mental Health Journal, 13, 353-362 https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0355(199224)13:4<353::AID-IMHJ2280130410>3.0.CO;2-#
  48. Corapci, F., & Wachs, T. D.(2002). Does parental mood or efficacy mediate the influence of environmental chaos upon parenting behavior? Merrill-Palmer Querterly, 48, 182-201 https://doi.org/10.1353/mpq.2002.0006
  49. Cox, N.(1974). Prior help, ego development, and helping behavior. Child Development, 45, 594-663 https://doi.org/10.2307/1127825
  50. Crnic, K. A., Gaze, C., & Hoffman, C.(2005). Cumulative parenting stress across the preschool period: Relations to maternal parenting and child behavior at age 5. Infant and Child Development, 14, 117-132 https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.384
  51. Crnic, K. A., & Greenberg, M. T.(1990). Minor parenting stress with young children. Child Deveopment, 61, 1628-1637 https://doi.org/10.2307/1130770
  52. Crockenberg, S., & Litman, C.(1990). Autonomy as competence in 2-year-olds: Maternal correlates of child defiance, compliance, and self-assertion. Developmental Psychology, 26, 961-971 https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.26.6.961
  53. Cummings, E. M.(1987). Coping with background anger in early childhood. Child Development, 58, 976-984 https://doi.org/10.2307/1130538
  54. Cutrona, C. E., & Troutman, B. R.(1986). Social support, infant temperament, and parenting self-efficacy: A mediational model of postpartum depression. Child Development, 57, 1507-1518 https://doi.org/10.2307/1130428
  55. Dadds, M. R.(1987). Families and the origins of child behavior problems. Family Process, 25, 341-357 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1987.00341.x
  56. Deater-Deckard, K.(1998). Parenting stress and child adjustment: Some old hypotheses and new questions. Clicical Psychology: Science and Practice, 5, 314-332 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.1998.tb00152.x
  57. Deater-Deckard, K., & Scarr, S.(1996). Parenting stress among dual-earner mothers and fathers: Are there gender difference? Journal of Family Psychology, 10, 45-59 https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.10.1.45
  58. Diener, M. L., & Kim, D. Y.(2004). Maternal and chid predictors of preschool children's social competence. Applied Developmental Psychology, 25, 3-24 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2003.11.006
  59. Featherstone, B.(2002). Research review: Parenting stress and externalizing child behavior by J. Morgan, D. Robison, & J. Aldridge. Child and Family Social Work, 7, 219-225 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2206.2002.00242.x
  60. Granlinski, J. H., & Kopp, C. B.(1993). Every rules for behavior: Mother's requests to young children. Developmental Psychology, 29(3), 573-584 https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.29.3.573
  61. Gross, D., Conrad, B., Fogg, L., & Wothke, W.(1994). A longitudinal mode of maternal self-efficacy, depression, and difficult temperament in toddlerhood. Research in Nursing & Heath, 17, 207-215 https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770170308
  62. Gutermuth, L. G., Anthony, B. J., Glanville, D. N., Naiman, D. Q., Waanders, C., & Shaffer, S. (2005). The relationships between parenting stress, parenting behavior and preschoolers' social competence and behavior problems in the classroom. Infant and Child Development, 14, 133-154 https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.385
  63. Hess, C. R., Teti, D. M., & Hussey-Gardner, B.(2004). Self-efficacy and parenting of high-risk infants: The moderating role of parent knowledge of infant development. Applied Development Psychology, 25, 423-437 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2004.06.002
  64. Johnston, C., & Mash, E. J.(1989). A measure of parenting satisfaction and efficacy. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 18(2), 167-175 https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp1802_8
  65. Jones, T. L., & Prinz, R. J.(2005). Potential roles of parental self-efficacy in parent and child adjustment: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 25, 341-363 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2004.12.004
  66. Kendall, P. C., & Wilcox, L. E.(1979). Self-control in children: Development of rating scale. Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47, 1020-1029 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.47.6.1020
  67. Kochanska, G., DeVet, K., Murray, K., & Putnam, S. P. (1994). Maternal reports of conscience development and temperament in young children. Child Development, 65(5), 852-868 https://doi.org/10.2307/1131423
  68. Kopp, C. B.(1982). Antecedents of self-regulation: A development perspective. Developmental Psychology, 18(2), 199-214 https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.18.2.199
  69. Lengua, L. J.(2003). Associations among emotionality, self-regulation, adjustment problems, and positive adjustment in middle childhood. Applied Development Psychology, 24, 595-618 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2003.08.002
  70. Maccoby, E. E.(1980). Social development: Psychological growth and the parent-child relationship. New York: Harcourt Brace Hovanovich
  71. Mash, E. J., & Johnston, C.(1983). Parental perceptions of children behavior problems, parenting selfesteem, and mother's reported stress on younger and older hyperactive and normal children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 5(1), 86-99 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.51.1.86
  72. Patterson, G.(Ed.). (1990). Depression and aggression in family interaction. Hissadale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
  73. Power, T. G., McGrath, M. P., Hughes, S. O., & Manire, S. H.(1994). Compliance and self-assertion: Young children's response to mothers versus fathers. Developmental Psychology, 30, 980-989 https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.30.6.980
  74. Silverman, E. J., Bauman, L. J., & Iryes, H. T.(1995). Relationships of self-esteem and efficacy to psychological distress in mothers of children with chronic physical illness. Health Psychology, 14(4), 333-340 https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.14.4.333
  75. Silverman, I. W., & Ragusa, D. M.(1991). A short-term longitudinal study of the early development of self-regulation, Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 20(4), 415-435 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00918985
  76. Snyder, J.(1991). Discipline as a mediator of the impact of stress and mood on child conduct problems. Developmental Psychology, 3, 263-276 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400005307
  77. Stevens, J. H.(1984). Child deveopment knowledge and parenting skills. Family Relations, 33(2), 237-244 https://doi.org/10.2307/583789
  78. Teti, D. M., & Gelfand, D. H.(1991) Behavioral competence among mothers of infants in the first year : The mediational role of maternal selfefficacy. Child Development, 62, 918-929 https://doi.org/10.2307/1131143
  79. Unger, D. G., & Wandersman, L. P.(1985). Social support and adolescent mothers: Action research contributions to theory and application. Journal of Social Issues, 41, 29-45
  80. Wells-Parker, E., Miller, D. I., & Topping, S.(1990). Development of control of outcome scales and self-efficacy scales for women in four life roles. Journal of Personality Assessment, 54, 564-575 https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5403&4_12
  81. Woodruff, S., & Cashman, J. F.(1993). Task, domain, and general self-efficacy: A reexamination of the Self-Efficacy Scale. Psychological Reports, 72, 423-432 https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.72.2.423