Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (대한환경공학회지)

Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (대한환경공학회)
권호 표지

Application of Ferrate(VI) to the Removal of Humic Acid and Heavy Metals (Cu, Mn, and Zn)

Humic Acid와 중금속(Cu, Mn, Zn)제거를 위한 Ferrate(VI)의 적용

  • Lim, Mi-Hee (Division of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime University) ;
  • Kim, Myoung-Jin (Division of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime University)
  • 임미희 (한국해양대학교 토목환경공학과) ;
  • 김명진 (한국해양대학교 토목환경공학과)
  • Published : 2009.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this paper, we have performed an experimental study to simultaneously remove humic acid (RA) and heavy metals (Cu, Mn, and Zn) from the river water using potassium ferrate(VI), a multi-purpose and environment-friendly chemical. In the experiments for treating three 0.1 mM single heavy metals using 0.03${\sim}$0.7 mM (as Fe) ferrate, the removal efficiencies ranged 28${\sim}$99% for Cu, 22${\sim}$73% for Mn, and 18${\sim}$100% for Zn. In addition, humic acid and heavy metals could be very efficiently removed at the same time using 0.03${\sim}$0.7 mM (as Fe) ferrate: for example, 49${\sim}$81% (humic acid), 93${\sim}$100% (Cu), 22${\sim}$86% (Mn), and 20${\sim}$100% (Zn). The removal efficiencies of humic acid and heavy metals in the mixture of humic acid and heavy metals were higher than that in the solution of single humic acid or heavy metal. It can be explained by the fact that, before adding ferrate to the mixed solution, part of solutes were already removed by the complexation between the negatively-charged functional groups of humic acid and heavy metal cations.

본 연구에서는 다목적으로 사용가능하고 환경친화적인 potassium ferrate를 이용하여 강물의 humic acid와 중금속(Cu, Mn, Zn)을 동시에 제거하고자 하였다. 0.03${\sim}$0.7 mM (as Fe) ferrate를 이용해서 0.1 mM 중금속을 처리한 결과, Cu에 대해 28${\sim}$99%, Mn에 대해 22${\sim}$73%, Zn에 대해18${\sim}$100%의 제거효율을 얻었다. Humic acid와 중금속의 혼합용액에 0.03${\sim}$0.7 mM (as Fe) ferrate를 주입하여 각 물질을 다음과 같이 동시에 효과적으로 제거할 수 있었다: 49${\sim}$81% (humic acid), 93${\sim}$100% (Cu), 22${\sim}$86% (Mn), 20${\sim}$100% (Zn). 혼합용액에서 humic acid와 각 중금속 제거효율이 단일 중금속과 humic acid 용액에서의 결과보다 높은데, 이는 혼합용액에 ferrate를 주입하기 전, humic acid의 음이온 작용기와 중금속 양이온의 반응에 의해 착화합물이 형성되어 일부가 제거되었기 때문이다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahluwalia, S. S. and Goyal, D., "Microbial and plant derived biomass for removal of heavy metals from wastewater," Bioresour. Technol., 98, 2243-2257(2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.12.006
  2. Chiang, P. C., Chang, E. E., and Liang, C. H., "NOM characteristics and treatabilities of ozonation processes," Chemosphere, 46, 929-936(2002) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(01)00181-3
  3. Alsheyab, M. A. and Munoz, A. H., "Reducing the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) by ozone combined with hydrogen peroxide (H202/03)," Desalination, 194, 121-126(2006) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.10.028
  4. Rizzo, L., Belgiomo, V., Gallo, M., and Meric, S., "Romoval of THM precursors from a' high-alkaline surface water by enhanced coagulation and behaviour of THMFP toxicity on D-manga," Desalination, 176(1-3), 177-188 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2004.10.020
  5. Bose, P. and Reckhow, D. A, "The effect of ozonation on natural organic matter removal by alum coagulation," Water Res., 41, 1516-1524(2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2006.12.027
  6. 최동진, 박중현, 박희경, "Humic acid를 포함한 상수의 오존처리에 따른 Aldehyde류의 생성에 관한 연구," 대한환경공학회지, 20(3), 385-396(1998)
  7. Jiang, J. Q., Wang, S., and Panagoulopoulos, A, "The exploration of potassium ferrate(Vl) as a disinfectant/ coagulant in water and wastewater treatment," Chemosphere, 63, 212-219(2006) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.08.020
  8. Rook, J. J., "Formation of haloforms during chlorination of natural waters," Water Treat. Exam., 23, 234-240 (1974)
  9. Jiang, J. Q. and Lloyd, B., "Progress in the development and use of ferrate(VI) salt as an oxidant and coagulant for water and wastewater treatment," Water Res., 36, 1397-1408(2002) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00358-X
  10. Sharma, V. K., "Potassium ferrate(VI): an environmentally friendly oxidant," Adv. Environ. Res., 6, 143-56(2002) https://doi.org/10.1016/S1093-0191(01)00119-8
  11. Cho, M., Lee, Y. H., Choi, W. Y., Chung, H. M., and Yoon, J. Y., "Study on Fe(VI) species as a disinfectant: Quantitative evaluation and modeling for inactivating Escherichia coiL," Water Res., 40, 3580-3586(2006) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2006.05.043
  12. Delaude, L. and Laszlo, P., "A novel oxidizing reagent based on potassium ferrate(VI)," J. Org. Chem., 61, 6360-6370(1996) https://doi.org/10.1021/jo960633p
  13. Bartzatt, R, Cano, M., Johnson, L., and Nagel, D., "Removal of toxic metals and nonmetals from contaminated water," J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 35(4), 205-210(1992) https://doi.org/10.1080/15287399209531611
  14. Fan, M. H., Brown, R. C., and Huang, C. P., "Preliminary studies of the oxidation of arsenic(III) by potassium ferrate," Int. J. Environ. Pollut., 18(1), 91-96(2002) https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEP.2002.000698
  15. Qu, J. H., Liu, H. J., Liu, S. X., and Lei, P. J., "Reduction of fulvic acid in drinking water by ferrate," J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE, 129(1), 17-24(2003) https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2003)129:1(17)
  16. Jiang, J. Q. and Wang, S., "Enhanced coagulation with potassium ferrate(V1) for removing humic substances," Environ. Eng. Sci., 20(6), 627-633(2003) https://doi.org/10.1089/109287503770736140
  17. 임미희, 김명진, "Potassioum Ferrate(VI)를 이용한 자연유기물질 제거," 대한환경공학회지, 29(12), 1337-1344(2007)
  18. Licht, S., Naschitz, V., Halperin, L., Halperin, N., Lin, L., Chen, J., Ghosh, S., and Liu, B., "Analysis of ferrate(VI) compounds and super-iron Fe(VI) battery cathodes: FTIR, ICP, titrimetric, XRD, UV/VIS, and electrochemical characterization," J. Power Sources, 101, 167-176(2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00786-8
  19. Schreyer, J. M., Thompson, G. W., and Ockerman, L. T., "Oxidation of chromium(III) with potassium ferrate (VI)," Anal. Chem., 22, 691(1950) https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60041a022
  20. Li, C., Li, X. Z., and Graham, N., "A study of the preparation and reactivity of potassium ferrate," Chemosphere, 61, 537-543(2005) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.02.027
  21. Lee, Y., Um, I. H., and Yoon, l, "Arsenic(III) Oxidation by Iron(VI) (Ferrate) and Subsequent Removal of Arsenic(V) by Iron(Ill) Coagulation," Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 5750-5756(2003) https://doi.org/10.1021/es034203+
  22. Graham, N., Jiang, C. C., Li, X. Z., and Jiang J. Q., "The influence of pH on the degradation of phenol and chlorophenols by potassium ferrate," Chemosphere, 55, 949-956(2004)
  23. Stevenson, F. J., "Humus Chemistry: Genesis, Composition, Reactions," Second Edition, John Willey & Sons Inc., New York, 213 and 378-381(1994)
  24. Seki, H. and Suzuki, A., "Adsorption of heavy metal ions onto insolubilized humic acid," J. Colloid Interface Sci., 171, 490-494(1995) https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1995.1207