Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing (기본간호학회지)

Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing (기본간호학회)
권호 표지

Effects of Tai Chi or Self-help Program on Balance, Flexibility, Oxygen Consumption, and Muscle Strength in Women with Osteoarthritis

골관절염을 가진 여성의 균형감, 유연성, 심폐기능 및 근력에 대한 타이치 운동과 자조관리 프로그램의 효과비교

  • Song, Rha-Yun (Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Eun-Ok (Seoul National University) ;
  • Lam, Paul (Family Physician, Tai Chi Instructor and Conjoint Lecturer, University of New South Wales) ;
  • Bae, Sang-Cheol (The Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Hanyang University College of Medicine)
  • Published : 2009.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: This randomized study was done to compare the effects of a 6 month Tai Chi exercise and a self-help program on balance, flexibility and muscle strength in women with osteoarthritis (OA). Method: In this experimental study, 82 women with OA recruited from outpatient clinics or community health centers were randomly assigned either to a Tai Chi group or a self-help group. Thirty women (mean age = 62 years) in the Tai Chi group and 39 (mean age = 59 years) in the self-help group completed posttest measures (balance, flexibility, oxygen consumption, abdominal muscle strength, back muscle strength, and grip strength) at 6 months. Results: After the 6 month, Tai Chi participants had significantly greater balance (mean difference = 2.9 vs. 0.9 for the self-help), grip strength (mean difference = 4.6 vs. 0.9 for the self-help), and back muscle strength (mean difference = 4.1 vs. -0.3 for the self-help). However, flexibility, oxygen consumption, and abdominal muscle strength were not significantly different between the groups. Conclusion: Tai Chi increased balance, grip strength and back muscle strength in older women with osteoarthritis compared to the self-help program. Whether these changes improve physical functioning and fall prevention requires further study.

Keywords

References

  1. American Geriatrics Society. (2001). Guideline for the prevention of falls in older persons: American Geriatrics Society, British Geriatrics Society, and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Panel on Falls Prevention. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 49(5), 664-672. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49115.x
  2. Arden, N. K., Crozier, S., Smith, H., Anderson, F., Edwards, C., Raphael, H. et al. (2006). Knee pain, knee osteoarthritis, and the risk of fracture. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 55(4), 610-615. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.22088
  3. Bennell, K., & Hinman, R. (2005). Exercise as a treatment for osteoarthritis. Current Opinion in Rheumatology, 17(5), 634-640.
  4. Brismee, J. M., Paige, R. L., Chyu, M. C., Boatright, J. D., Hagar, J. M., McCaleb, J. A., et al. (2007). Group and home-based tai chi in elderly subjects with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation, 21(2), 99-111. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215506070505
  5. Caserta, M. S. & Gillett, P. A. (1998). Older women's feelings about exercise and their adherence to an aerobic regimen over time. Gerontologist, 38( 5), 602-609. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/38.5.602
  6. CDC. (2008). Arthritis. National Centers for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion [On-line]. Accessed on November 11, 2008. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/arthritis/osteoarthritis.htm
  7. Chen, K. M., Lin, J. N., Lin, H. S., Wu, H. C., Chen, W. T., Li, C. H., et al. (2008). The effects of a Simplified Tai-Chi Exercise Program (STEP) on the physical health of older adults living in long-term care facilities: A single group design with multiple time points. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45(4), 501-507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.11.008
  8. Christou, E. A., Yang, Y., & Rosengren, K. S. (2003). Rapid Communication. Taiji Training Improves Knee Extensor Strength and Force Control in Older Adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 58(8), M763-M766. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/58.8.M763
  9. Erdfelder, E., Faul, F., & Buchner, A. (1996). GPOWER: A general power analysis program. [Computer software].
  10. Fitzgerald, G. K., Piva, S. R., & Irrgang, J. J. (2004). Reports of joint instability in knee osteoarthritis: Its prevalence and relationship to physical function. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 51(6), 941-946. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.20825
  11. Fransen, M., Nairn, L., Winstanley, J., Lam, P., & Edmonds, J. (2007). Physical activity for osteoarthritis management: A randomized controlled clinical trial evaluating hydrotherapy or Tai Chi classes. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 57(3), 407-414. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.22621
  12. Gatts, S. K., & Woollacott, M. H. (2006). Neural mechanisms underlying balance improvement with short term Tai Chi training. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 18(1), 7-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03324635
  13. Hartman, C. A., Manos, T. M., Winter, C., Hartman, D. M., Li, B., & Smith, J. C. (2000). Effects of Tai Chi training on function and quality of life indicators in older adults with osteoarthritis. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 48(12), 1553-1559. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb03863.x
  14. Lam, P. & Horstman, J. (2002). Overcoming arthritis: How to relieve pain and restore mobility through a unique Tai Chi program. NY: DK Adult.
  15. Lan, C., Lai, J. S., Chen, S. Y., & Wong, M. K. (1998). 12-month Tai Chi training in the elderly: Its effect on health fitness. Medicine Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(3), 345-351. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199810001-00002
  16. Lee, E. O., Park, S. Y., Kim, J. I., Kim, I., Kim, M. J., Song, K. Y., et al. (1997). The effects of self-help education increasing self-efficacy on the health promotion for the arthritis patients. Journal of Muscle and Joint Health, 4(1), 1-14.
  17. Lee, M. S., Pittler, M. H., & Ernst, E. (2008). Tai Chi for osteoarthritis: A systematic review. Clinical Rheumatology, 27(2), 211-218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-007-0700-4
  18. Li, Y., Devault, C. N., & Van Oteghen, S. (2007). Effects of extended Tai Chi intervention on balance and selected motor functions of the elderly. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 35(3), 383-391. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X07004904
  19. Manninen, P., Riihimaki, H., Heliovaara, M., & Suomalainen, O. (2001). Physical exercise and risk of severe knee osteoarthritis requiring arthroplasty. Rheumatology, 40(4), 432-437. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/40.4.432
  20. National Skeletal Muscle Research Center. (2008). Muscle Physiology. National Skeletal Muscle Research Center [On-line]. Accessed on November 5, 2008. Available from http://muscle.ucsd.edu/musintro/contractions.shtml.
  21. Richerson, S., & Rosendale, K. (2007). Does Tai Chi improve plantar sensory ability? A pilot study. Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics, 9(3), 276-286. https://doi.org/10.1089/dia.2006.0033
  22. Simkin, B. (2002). Even frail elderly patients can benefit from exercise. Geriatric Times [On-line]. Accessed on November 5, 2008. Available from http://www.cmellc.com/geriatrictimes/g020831.html.
  23. Song, R., Lee, E. O., Lam, P., & Bae, S. C. (2003). Effects of Tai Chi exercise on pain, balance, muscle strength, and perceived difficulties in physical functioning in older women with osteoarthritis: A randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Rheumatology, 30(9), 2039-2044.
  24. Tinetti, M. E., Gordon, C., Sogolow, E., Lapin, P., & Bradley, E. H. (2006). Fall-risk evaluation and management: Challenges in adopting geriatric care practices. The Gerontologist, 46(6), 717-725. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/46.6.717
  25. Tsang, W. W., & Hui-Chan, C. W. (2005). Comparison of muscle torque, balance, and confidence in older Tai Chi and healthy adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37(2), 280-289. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000152735.06282.58
  26. Wang, C., Collet, J. P., & Lau, J. (2004). The effect of Tai Chi on health outcomes in patients with chronic conditions: A systematic review. Archives of Internal Medicine, 164(5), 493-501
  27. Wolf, S. L., Barnhart, H. X., Kutner, N. G., McNeely, E., Coogler, C., & Xu, T. (2003). Selected as the best paper in the 1990s: Reducing frailty and falls in older persons: An investigation of Tai Chi and computerized balance training. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51(12), 1794-1803. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51566.x
  28. Wu, G., Zhao, F., Zhou, X., & Wei, L. (2002). Improvement of isokinetic knee extensor strength and reduction of postural sway in the elderly from long-term Tai Chi exercise. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 83(10), 1364-1369. https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2002.34596
  29. Xu, D. Q., Hong, Y., & Li, J. X. (2008). Tai Chi exercise and muscle strength and endurance in older people. Medicine and Sport Science, 52. 20-29. https://doi.org/10.1159/000134281
  30. Yang, Y., Verkuilen, J. V., Rosengren, K. S., Grubisich, S. A., Reed, M. R., & Hsiao-Wecksler, E. T. (2007). Effect of combined Taiji and Qigong training on balance mechanisms: A randomized controlled trial of older adults. Medical Science Monitor, 13(8), CR339-CR348.
  31. Yeh, G. Y., Wood, M. J., Lorell, B. H., Stevenson, L. W., Eisenberg, D. M., Wayne, P. M., et al. (2004), Effects of Tai Chi mind-body movement therapy on functional status and exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure: A randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Medicine, 117(8), 541-548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.04.016