기후변화협상 체제에서 산업부문에 대한 부문별 접근방식(Sectoral Approach)의 평가 및 대응방향

Evaluation of Industry-specific Sectoral Approach in the Climate Change Framework

  • 한진현 (서울산업대학교 에너지환경대학원) ;
  • 유동헌 (에너지경제연구원)
  • Han, Jin-Hyun (Graduate School of Energy & Environment, Seoul National University of Technology) ;
  • Yoo, Dong-Heon (Korea Energy Economics Institute)
  • 투고 : 2009.12.18
  • 심사 : 2009.12.31
  • 발행 : 2009.12.31

초록

기후변화와 관련 국제사회가 안고 있는 과제는 개도국의 참여가 없이 선진국 중심의 온실가스 감축만으로는 전 지구의 온실가스 농도안정화 목표 달성이 불가능하다는 인식이다. 특히 교토의정서 체계의 한계를 극복하고 개도국을 참여시키기 위한 방안으로 부문별 접근방식이 제기되고 있다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 우선 그동안 제기되어 왔던 부문별 접근방식의 종류, 적용기준, 범위, 유용성 등에 대한 논의 요지를 정리하여, post-2012 체제하에서 협상대안으로서의 부문별 접근방식의 잠재력을 살펴 보았다. 또한, 앞으로 부문별 접근방식이 협상대안으로 구체화될 경우에 대비, 우리나라 산업에서의 부문별 접근방식 적용 여건을 분석하였다. 이를 토대로 세계 평균 이상의 에너지 효율을 실현하고 있는 업종은 기술 기반 부문별 접근방식, 세계 평균 수준의 에너지 효율을 보이는 업종은 부문별 크레딧 메카니즘 혹은 지수기반 혹은 부문 전체 국가간 접근을 검토대상으로 제시하고 있으며, 향후 부문별 접근방식채택 및 이행을 위한 향후 연구과제를 제시하고 있다.

Regarding climate change, the most significant challenge the world faces is achieving the goal of stabilizing the global concentration of greenhouse gases. However, this cannot be accomplished by greenhouse gas reduction efforts of developed countries alone. In this context, a "sectoral approach" has been brought up as a way to overcome the limit of the Kyoto Protocol and induce the participation of developing countries. This paper focuses on the different types of sectoral approaches that have been suggested so far, and their criteria, scope and effectiveness. It therefore explores the potential each approach has as a policy alternative under the post-2012 scheme. On top of that, with the possibility of these sectoral approaches becoming strong future policy alternatives in mind, this paper also analyzes their applicability to the Korean industry. For the steel, petrochemical and oil industries - in which energy efficiency exceeds the world average- a technology-based approach is proposed as an alternative. For the cement, paper and power generation industries - in which energy efficiency is about the same as the global average - a sectoral crediting mechanism or an index-based approach or a sector-wide transnational approach are proposed as alternatives. Lastly, this paper suggests a future research direction for their adoption and implementation.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Baron, R., Reinaud, J., Genasci, M. and Philibert, C., "Sectoral Approaches to Greenhouse Gas Mitigation: Exploring Issues for Heavy industry", 2007, OECD/IEA Information Paper
  2. Bondansky, D., "International Sectoral Agreements in a Post-2012 Climate Framework", 2007, A Working Paper. Pew Center on Global Climate Change. www.pewclimate.org
  3. Bodansky, D., Diringer, E., Pershing, J. and Wang, X., "Strawman Elements: Possible Approaches to Advancing International Climate Change Efforts", November, 2004, Washington, DC: Pew Center on Global Climate Change
  4. Bosi, M. and Ellis, J., Exploring Options for "Sectoral Crediting Mechanisms", 2005, OECD/IEA Information Paper. COM/ENV/EPOC/IEA/SLT(2005)1, http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/55/61/34902 644.pdf
  5. Bradley, R., Baumert, K.A., Childs, B., Herzog, T., and Pershing, J., "Slicing the pie: Sector-based approaches to international climate agreements, Issues and Options", 2007, Washington, DC: World Resources Institute
  6. Cosbey, A., Parry, J., Browne, J., Babu, Y. D., Bhandari, P., Drexhage, J., and Murphy, D., "Realizing the Development Dividend: Making the CDM Work for Developing Countries", 2005, Phase 1 Report -. Pre- Publication Version. Winnipeg, Manitoba: International Institute for Sustainable Development
  7. den Elzen, M. and Hohne, N., "Reductions of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Annex I and non-Annex I Countries for Meeting Concentration Stabilisation Targets - An Editorial Comment.", Climatic Change Sept 2008, 91, 249-274 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-008-9484-z
  8. Feldstein, M., "Will carbon cap-and-trade incite protectionism?", The Korea Herald, June 30, 2009
  9. Hohne, N., Worrell, E., Ellermann, C., Vieweg, M. and hagemann, M., "Sectoral approach and development", 2008, Input paper for the workshop: Where development meets climate-development related mitigation options for a global climate change agreement, Ecofys Germany Gmbh
  10. IEA, "Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency", 2008, International Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris
  11. Korppoo, A., Jakobson, L., Urpelainen, J., Vihma, A., and Luta, A., "Towards a New Climate Regime?", 2009, Helsinki, The Finnish Institute of International Affairs
  12. Lomborg, B., "12월 코펜하겐의 공포", 경제뉴스 위클리비즈, 조선일보 2009. 10. 19
  13. Samaniego, J and Figueres, C., "Evolving to a Sector-Based Clean Development Mechanism", 2002, In: Baumert et al (eds.) Building on the Kyoto Protocol: Options for Protecting the Climate, Washington, DC: World Resources Institute
  14. Sawa, A., "A Sectoral Approach as an Option for a Post-Kyoto Framework?", 2008, The Harvard Project on International Climate Agreements Discussion Paper 08-23, Belfer Center
  15. Schmidt, J., Helme, N., Lee, J. and Houdashelt, M.. "Sector-based Approach to the Post-2012 Climate Change Policy Architecture", 2006, Center for Clean Air Policy, August
  16. Sterk, W., "From Clean Development Mechanism to Sectoral Crediting Approaches-Way Forward or Wrong Turn?", JIKO Policy Paper 1/2008, Wuppertal Institute
  17. Watson, C., Newman, J., Upton, R. H. S., and Hackmann, P.. "Can Transnational Sectoral Agreements help reduce GHG emissions?", 2005, Round Table on Sustainable Development, OECD, Paris
  18. Wuppertal Institute & Ecofys, "Proposal for Contribution of Emerging Economies to the Climate Regime under the UNFCCC post 2012", 2007, Side Event at COP 13 and COP/MOP3
  19. 일본경단련, 내부자료(석유정제, 철강, 화학)
  20. 김찬우, "기후변화와 한국의 환경외교", 국제평화 2008, 제5권 1호, 169-202
  21. 정경화. "기후변화 대응과 부분별 접근방식(Sectoral Approaches): 부문별 접근방식 모델 중심으로", 에너지 포커스 2008, 제5권 제2호, 70-89, 에너지경제연구원
  22. 한국석유화학공업협회, 석유화학 편람, 2009
  23. 한국자동차공업협회, 한국의 자동차 산업, 2009
  24. 한국철강협회, 철강통계연보, 2009