Effects of Cobalt Protective Coating Prepared by DC Electroplating on Ferritic Stainless Steel for SOFC Interconnect

직류 전기도금을 이용한 고체산화물 연료전지 금속연결재용 페라이트계 스테인리스 스틸의 코발트 보호막 코팅 효과

  • Hong, Jong-Eun (Fuel Cell Research Center, New and Renewable Energy Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Researchq) ;
  • Lim, Tak-Hyung (Fuel Cell Research Center, New and Renewable Energy Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research) ;
  • Song, Rak-Hyun (Fuel Cell Research Center, New and Renewable Energy Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research) ;
  • Lee, Seung-Bok (Fuel Cell Research Center, New and Renewable Energy Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research) ;
  • Shin, Dong-Ryul (Fuel Cell Research Center, New and Renewable Energy Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research) ;
  • Yoo, Young-Sung (Strategic Technology Laboratory, Korea Electric Power Research Institute, Korea Electric Power Corporation) ;
  • Lee, Dok-Yol (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Univ.)
  • 홍종은 (한국에너지기술연구원 신재생에너지연구부) ;
  • 임탁형 (한국에너지기술연구원 신재생에너지연구부) ;
  • 송락현 (한국에너지기술연구원 신재생에너지연구부) ;
  • 이승복 (한국에너지기술연구원 신재생에너지연구부) ;
  • 신동열 (한국에너지기술연구원 신재생에너지연구부) ;
  • 유영성 (한국전력연구원 전략기술연구소) ;
  • 이덕열 (고려대학교 신소재공학과)
  • Published : 2009.04.30

Abstract

We investigated the influences of cobalt coating deposited by DC electroplating on the ferritic stainless steel, STS 430, as a protective layer on a metallic interconnect for SOFC applications. Cobalt coated STS 430 revealed a uniform and denser-packing oxide surface and a reduced growth rate of $Cr_2O_3$ scales after oxidation at $800^{\circ}C$in air. Cobalt coating layer was oxidized to $CoCo_2O_4$ and Co containing mixed oxide spinels such as $Co_2CrO_4$, $CoCr_2O_4$, and $CoCrFeO_4$. The area specific resistance value of Co coated sample was $0.020\;{\Omega}cm^2$ lower than that of uncoated at $800^{\circ}C$ in air during 500 h. After 1000 h oxidation, cobalt oxide coating layer suppressed chromium outward diffusion.

Keywords

References

  1. S. C. Singhal, 'Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for Stationary, Mobile, and Military Applications', Solid State Ionics, Vol. 152-153, 2003, pp. 405-410 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2738(02)00349-1
  2. K. Hilpert, W. J. Quadakkers, and L. Singheiser, 'Handbook of Fuel Cells, Fundamentals Technology and Applications, Chap. 74-Interconnects', John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, Vol. 4, 2003
  3. S. P. S. Badwal, R. Deller, K. Foger, Y. Ramprakash, and J. P. Zhang, 'Interaction Between Chromia Forming Alloy Interconnects and Air Electrode of Solid Oxide Fuel-Cells', Solid State Ionics, Vol. 99, 1997, pp. 297-310 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2738(97)00247-6
  4. Y. Matsuzaki and I. Yasuda, 'Electrochemical Properties of a SOFC Cathode in Contact with a Chromium-containin Alloy Separator', Solid State Ionics, Vol. 132, 2000, pp. 271-278 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2738(00)00654-8
  5. K. Hilpert, D. Das, M. Miller, D. H. Peck, and R. WeiB, 'Chromium Vapor Species over Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Interconnect Materials and Their Potential for Degradation Processes', J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol. 143, 1996, pp. 3642-3647 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1837264
  6. J. H. Kim, R. H. Song, and S. H. Hyun, 'Effect of Slurry-coated LaSrMnO3 on the Electrical Property of Fe–Cr Alloy for Metallic Interconnect of SOFC', Solid State Ionics, Vol. 174, 2004, pp. 185-191 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2004.07.032
  7. H. W. Nie, T. Wen, and H. Y. Tu, 'Protection Coatings for Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Interconnect prepared by Plasma Spraying', Mater. Res. Bull., Vol. 38, 2003, pp. 1531-1536 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-5408(03)00166-1
  8. Z. Yang, G. G. Xia, S. P. Simner, and J. W. Stevenson, 'Thermal Growth and Performance of Manganese Cobaltite Spinel Protection Layers on Ferritic Stainless Steel SOFC Interconnects', J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol. 152, 2005, pp. A1896-A1901 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1990462
  9. Z. Yang, G. G. Xia, X. H. Li, and J. W. Stevenson, '$(Mn,Co)_3O_4$ Spinel Coatings on Ferritic Stainless Steels for SOFC Interconnect Applications', Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 32, 2007, pp. 3648-3654 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.08.048
  10. M.. Stanislowski, J. Froitzheim, L. Niewolak, W. J. Quadakkers, K. Hilpert, T. Markus, and L. Shingheiser, 'Reduction of Chromium Vaporization from SOFC Interconnectors by Highly Effective Coatings', J. Power Sources, Vol. 164, 2007, pp. 578-589 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.08.013
  11. X. Deng, P. Wei, M. R. Bateni, and A. Petric, 'Cobalt plating of High Temperature Stainless Steel Interconnects', J. Power sources, Vol. 160, 2006, pp. 1225-1229 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.03.024
  12. H. Ling and A. Petric, 'Electrical and Thermal Properties of Spinels', in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC IX), J. Mizusaki and S. C. Singhal (Eds), The Electrochemical Society Proceedings Series, Pennington, NJ, PV 2005-07, 2005, pp. 1866-1873
  13. M. Schlescinger and M. Paunovi, 'Modern Electroplating', 4th ed., John Wiley & Sons, USA, 2000
  14. T. Malkow,W. J. Quadakkers, L. Singheiser and H. Nickel, 'Report Forschungszentrum J$\"{u}$lich', J$\"{u}$lich, FRG, J$\"{u}$l-3589, ISSN 0944-2952, 1998
  15. P. Huczkowski, N. Christiansen, V. Shemet, L.Niewolak, J. P. Abellan, L. Singheiser, and W. J. Quadakkers, 'Growth Mechanisms and Electrical Conductivity of Oxide Scales on Ferritic Steels Proposed as Interconnect Materials for SOFCs', Fuel Cells, Vol. 6, 2006, pp. 93-99 https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.200500110
  16. N. N. Greenwood and A. Earnshaw, 'Chemistry of the Elements', 4th ed., Pergamon Press, 1984, pp. 1290-1298
  17. H. S. Hsu and G. J. Yurek, 'Kinetics and Mechanisms of the Oxidation of Cobalt at 600-800$^{\circ}C$', Oxid. Met., Vol. 17, 1982, pp. 55-76 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00606193
  18. 'The Spinel Group of Minerals', Amethyst Galleries Inc., http://mineral.galleries. com/minerals/oxides/spinel.htm, 2004
  19. A. Holt and P. Kofstad, 'Electrical Conductivity and Defect Structure of Mg doped $Cr_2O_3$, Solid State Ionics, Vol. 100, 1997, pp. 201-209 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2738(97)00352-4
  20. Y. Larring and T. Norby, 'Spinel and Perovskite Functional Layers between Plansee Metallic Interconnect (Cr-5wt% Fe-1wt% $Y_2O_3$) and Ceramic ($La_{0.85}Sr_{0.15}$) $_{0.91}MnO_3$ Cathode Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells', J. Electrochem. Soc.,Vol. 147, 2000, pp. 3251-3256 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1393891