지구물리와물리탐사 (Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration)

  • 제12권1호
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  • Pages.163-171
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  • 2009
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  • 1229-1064(pISSN)
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  • 2384-051X(eISSN)
한국지구물리·물리탐사학회 (Korean Society of Earth and Exploration Geophysicists)
권호 표지

수성환경에서 암석 내의 임계하 균열성장 연구

Subcritical crack growth in rocks in an aqueous environment

  • 발행 : 2009.02.28
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초록

임계하 균열성장(subcritical crack growth)은 암석 내에서 오랜 시간 동안 일어나는 균열시스템 발달의 주된 원인으로 그 중요성이 매우 크다. 본 연구에서는 증류수(pH = 5-7)와 수산화나트륨(NaOHaq, pH = 12)용액으로 포화된 암석과 건조암석에서의 임계하 균열성장에 대해 고찰하였다. 아울러 공극유체의 수소이온농도(pH)의 영향도 함께 살펴보았으며, 안산암과 화강암이 연구에 사용되었다. 연구방법은 온도가 조절된 환경에서 이중-비틀림 실험(double-torsion test)을 실시하여 균열성장속도와 응력확장계수와의 상관관계를 파악하였다. 연구의 결과 수성환경에서 균열성장속도가 건조한 경우보다 크게 나타났으며, 이는 기존 연구에서 물이 첨가되었을 때 균열성장속도가 빨라지는 결과와 잘 일치한다. 증류수와 수산화나트륨 사이의 결과에서는 수소이온농도의 차이에도 불구하고 균열성장속도의 차이가 나타나지 않았으며 이는 수산화이온이 균열성장을 가속한다는 기존의 결과와는 차이를 보였다. 따라서 균열의 첨단부(crack-tip)에서의 수소이온농도의 차이는 균열의 성장에 영향을 미치지만, 공극유체의 전체적인 수소이온농도(bulk pH)의 영향은 매우 적다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다.

Subcritical crack growth is one of the main causes of time-dependent fracturing in rock. In the present study, we investigated subcritical crack growth in rock in distilled water (pH = 5.7) and in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOHaq, pH = 12), comparing the results to those in air. We also investigated the effect of the pH in an aqueous environment. We used andesite and granite for all our tests. We determined the relationship between the crack velocity and the stress intensity factor using the double-torsion test under conditions of controlled temperature. We showed that crack velocities in water were higher than those in air, in agreement with other research results indicating that crack velocity increases in water. When we compared our results for NaOHaq with those for water, however, we found that the crack velocity at the same stress intensity factor did not change even though the pH of the surrounding environment was different. This result does not agree with the accepted understanding that hydroxide ions accelerate subcritical crack growth in rocks. We concluded that the pH at the crack tip influences subcritical crack growth, and not the bulk pH, which has little effect.

키워드

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