Characterization of Symptom and Determination of Tissue Critical Concentration for Diagnostic Criteria in 'Maehyang' Strawberry (Fragaria $\times$ ananassa Duch.) as Influenced by Calcium Concentrations in the Fertigation Solution

'매향' 딸기의 칼슘 영양진단을 위한 결핍증상 및 식물체 내 한계농도

  • Choi, Jong-Myung (Division of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Paichai University) ;
  • Jeong, Suck-Kee (Chungchongnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Yoon, Moo-Kyung (Vegetable Research Division, National Horticultural Research Institute, RDA)
  • Published : 2008.09.30

Abstract

Objective of this research was to investigate the effect of calcium concentrations in the fertilizer solution on growth and development of Ca deficiency in 'Maehyang' strawberry (Fragaria $\times$ ananassa Duch.). The margins of the youngest leaves were scorched and they developed a cupped shape as they were expanded in Ca deficient plants. The vein area of the youngest leaves became brown when the deficiency became severe. The quadratic responses were observed in dry weight production to elevated Ca concentrations in fertilizer solutions with the highest growth in 4.5 mM treatment. The regression equation was y=2.4026+1.0209x-$0.098x^2$ $(R^2=0.3546^{***})$. However, tissue Ca contents increased lineally as the Ca concentrations in fertilizer solutions were elevated (y=1.2108+0.1333x, $R^2=0.9189^{***}$). In changes of the fresh weight and Ca concentrations in petiole sap, fresh weight production showed quadratic responses to elevated Ca concentrations in fertilizer solution, but Ca concentration increased lineally. The equations in changes of fresh weight and Ca concentrations were y=9.273+4.882x-$0.4245x^2$ $(R^2=0.4935^{***})$ and y=52.311+3.2917x $(R^2=0.6918^{***})$, respectively. When the concentration of calcium at which plant growth was retarded by 10% is regarded as critical concentration level, the calcium contents based on dry weight of above ground plant tissue and in petiole sap should be in the range between 1.6 to 2.25% and 63 to $79mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, respectively.

국내육성 딸기 신품종인 '매향'을 Ca 농도를 조절한 관비용액으로 재배하면서 결핍증상의 특징과 결핍증상을 유발하는 건물중 및 생체즙액내 한계농도를 구명하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. Ca 결핍증상은 신엽에서 발생하였고, 신엽의 엽맥 부분이 갈변하는 증상과 함께 신엽이 기형화되면서 선단부가 괴사하는 증상이었다. 정식 후 120일에 지상부의 생육을 조사한 결과 엽수, 엽장, 엽병장, 생체중 및 건물중은 4.5mM과 6mM 시비구에서 생육이 우수하였고, 3mM 이하나 9mM의 칼슘 농도에서 생장량이 적어 2차곡선회귀가 성립하였고 경향이 뚜렷하였다. 식물체당 건물중 4.9g에서 2차 곡선회귀의 정점이 형성되었으며(y=2.4026+1.0209x-$0.0985x^2$, $R^2=0.3546^{***}$), 최대 생장량의 90% 이상 생장량을 최저 한계점으로 설정하면 식물체당 약 4.4g이상의 건물중을 생산해야 하며 건물중에 기초한 Ca함량이 $1.6\sim2.25%$의 범위에 포함 되도록 시비량을 조절해야 할 것으로 판단하였다. 생체중도 Ca 시비농도에 대하여 3차 곡선회귀적인 반응을 보였으며(y=9.273+4.882x-$0.4245x^2$, $R^2=0.4935^{***}$), 식물체당 239에서 정점이 형성되었다. 최대 생장량의 90% 이상을 확보하려면 엽병 추출액의 Ca 농도가 $63\sim79mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$의 범위에 포함되도록 Ca 시비농도를 조절해야 한다고 판단하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Bennett, W.F. 1993. Nutrient deficiencies and toxicities in crop plants. AS Press, St. Paul, Minn
  2. Bould, C., E.J. Hewitt, and P. Needham. 1983. Diagnosis of mineral disorders in plants. Vol. 1. Principles. Her Majesty Stationery Office, London
  3. Choi, J.M., K.H. Lee, and E.M. Lee. 2005. Effect of calcium concentrations in fertilizer solution on growth of and nutrient uptake by Oriental hybrid lily 'Casa Blanca'. Acta. Hort. 673:755-760
  4. Eastin, E.F. 1978. Total nitrogen determination for plant material containing nitrate. Anal. Biochem. 85:591-594 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(78)90259-2
  5. Hanan, J.J. 1998. Greenhouses: Advanced technology for protected horticulture. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, N.J.
  6. Hoagland, D.R. and D.I. Arnon. 1950. The water culculture method for growing plants without soil. Univ. of Calif. Agri. Exp. Sta. Cirular 347
  7. Jeong, S.K., J.M. Choi, K.H. Cha, H.J. Chung, J.S. Choi, and K.S. Seo. 2001. Deficiency symptom, growth characteristics and nutrient uptake of 'Nyoho' strawberry as affected by controlled calcium concentrations in fertilizer solution. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci 42:284-288 (in Korean)
  8. Kim, J.M., J.M. Choi, and H.J. Chung. 2005. Effect of calcium concentration in fertigation solution on growth and nutrient uptake of cut chrysanthemum 'Biarritz'. J. Bio-Environ. Control 14:119-127 (in Korean)
  9. Kim, T.I., W.S. Jang, J.H. Choi, M.H. Nam, W.S. Kim, and S.S. Lee. 2004. Breeding of 'Maehyang' strawberry for forcing culture. J. Kor. Hort. Sci. & Tech. 22:434-437 (in Korean)
  10. Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. 2nd ed. Academic Press Inc., San Diego, Calif
  11. Mengel, K. and E.A. Kirkby. 1987. Principles of plant nutrition. 4th ed. Int'l. Potash Inst., Bern, Switzerland
  12. Nelson, P.V. 2003. Greenhouse operation and management. 6th ed. Prentice Hall, N.J.
  13. Park, J.Y. 2007. Effects of application time, concentration and leaching percentage of controlled fertilizer solution on growth and mineral contents of Perilla frutesens in plug system. MS Diss., Pai Chai Univ., Daejeon, Korea (in Korean)
  14. RDA. 2003. Agricultural science technique research investigation and analysis standard. 4th ed. Suwon, Korea (in Korean)
  15. Saikoku, K. and T.S. Sanho. 1995. Nutritional physiology and fertilization of floral crops. Rural Culture Association. Tokyo, Japan
  16. Ulrich, A. 1993. Potato. p. 149-156. In: W.F. Bennett (ed.). Nutrient deficiencies & toxicities in crop plants. APS Press, St. Paul, Minn
  17. Warncke, P.D. 1986. Analysing greenhouse growth media by the saturation extraction method. Hort-Science 211:223-225