Food Science and Biotechnology

Korean Society of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회)
권호 표지

Production and Application of Galacto-oligosaccharides from Lactose by a Recombinant $\beta$-Galactosidase of Bifidobacterium infantis Overproduced by Pichia pastoris

  • Jung, Sung-Je (Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University) ;
  • Lee, Byong-Hoon (Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University)
  • Published : 2008.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

After overproduction of a recombinant $\beta$-galactosidase of Bifidobacterium infantis in Pichia pastoris, a synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) from 36% lactose using the enzyme (170.74 U/mg) was investigated. The transgalactosylation ratio reached up to 25.2% with 83.1% conversion of initial lactose and the maximum yield of GOS was 40.6%. The GOS syrup was composed of a 13.43% galacto-oligosaccharides, 5.06% lactose, and 8.76% monosaccharides. The prebiotic effect of GOS on the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli strains was investigated in vitro. The maximum growth rate of Bifidobacterium breve and Lactobacillus acidophillus in GOS syrup (5%, v/v) media were 0.49 and 0.96/hr that are higher than those in 1%(w/v) galactose and 1%(w/v) lactose containing media. However, there was no significant difference between the specific growth rates of L. acidophillus in 1%(w/v) glucose and 5%(v/v) GOS syrup. Our data showed that GOS definitely promoted the growth of B. breve ATCC $15700^T$ and L. acidophilus ATCC 33323.

Keywords

References

  1. Gibson GR, Roberfroid MB. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: Introducing the concept of prebiotics. J. Nutr. 125: 1401-1412 (1995)
  2. Cummings JH, Macfarlane GR, Englyst HN. Prebiotic digestion and fermentation. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 73: 415-420 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/73.2.415s
  3. Marteau P, Flourié B. Tolerance to low-digestible carbohydrates: Symtomatology and methods. Brit. J. Nutr. 85: 817-821 (2001)
  4. Matteuzzi D, Swennen E, Rossi M, Hartman T, Lebet V. Prebiotic effects of a wheat germ preparation in human healthy subjects. Food Microbiol. 21: 119-124 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0740-0020(03)00009-1
  5. Gopal PK, Sullivan PA, Smart JB. Utilization of galactooligosaccharides as selective substrates for growth by lactic acid bacteria including Bifidobacterium lactis DR10 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus DR20. Int. Dairy J. 11: 19-25 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-6946(01)00026-7
  6. Steer T, Carpenter H, Tuohy K. Gibson GR. Perspectives on the role of the human gut microbiota in health and methods of study. Nutr. Res. Rev. 13: 229-254 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1079/095442200108729089
  7. Tanaka R. Matsumoto K. Recent progress on probiotics in Japan, including galacto-oligosaccharides. Bull. Int. Dairy Fed. 336: 21-27 (1998)
  8. Sako T, Matsumoto K, Tanaka R. Recent progress on research and applications of non-digestible galacto-oligosaccharides. Int. Dairy. J. 9: 69-80 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-6946(99)00046-1
  9. Moro G, Minoli I, Mosca M, Fanaro S, Jelinek J, Stahl B. Dosage related bifidogenic effects of galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides in formula-fed term infants. J. Pediatr. Gastro Nutr. 34: 291-295 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1097/00005176-200203000-00014
  10. Playne MJ, Bennett LE, Smithers GW. Functional dairy foods and ingredients. Aust. J. Dairy Technol. 58: 242-264 (2003)
  11. Boehm G, Jelinek J, Stahl B, Van Laere K, Knol J. Prebiotics in infant formulas. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 38: S76-S79 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mcg.0000128927.91414.93
  12. Rinne MM, Gueimonde M, Kalliomaki M, Hoppu U, Salminen SJ, Isolauri E. Similar bifidogenic effects of prebiotic supplemented partially hydrolyzed infant formula and breastfeeding on infant gut microbiota. FEMS Immunol. Med. Mic. 43: 59-65 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsim.2004.07.005
  13. Smart J. Pillidge CJ, Garman JH. Growth of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria on lactose and lactose-related mono-, di-, and trisaccharide and correlation with distribution of $\beta$-galactosidase and phosphore-$\beta$-galactosidase. J. Dairy Res. 60: 557-568 (1993) https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029900027904
  14. Ishikawa F, Takayama H, Suguri T, Matsumoto K, Ito M, Chonana O, Deguchi Y, Kikuci H, Watanuki M. Effects of $\beta$-1-4 linked galacto-oligosaccharides on human fecal microflora. Bifidus 9: 5-18 (1995)
  15. Yanahira S, Kobayashi T, Suguri T, Nakakoshi M, Miura S, Ishikawa S, Nakajima L. Formation of oligosaccharides from lactose by Bacillus circulans beta-galactosidase. Biosci. Biotech. Bioch. 59: 1021-1026 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.59.1021
  16. Hung MN, Xia Z, Lee BH. Molecular and biochemcial analysis of two beta-galactosidases from Bifidobacterium infantis HL96. Appl. Environ. Microb. 67: 4256-4263 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.9.4256-4263.2001
  17. Lim SI, Kim GB, YI SH, Lee BH. Characteristics of a Bifidobacterium longum LL04 $\beta$-galactosidase (recombinant) produced in Escherichia coli. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 6: 908-913 (2006)
  18. In MJ, Kim MH, Jung J. Isolation of Bacillus sp. producing $\beta$- galactosidase with high transgalactosylation activity and its culture characteristics regarding enzyme production. J. Korean Soc. Agric. Chem. Biotechnol. 38: 502-506 (1995)
  19. Shin HJ, Yang JW. Enzymatic production of galactooligosaccharide by Bullera singularis $\beta$-galactosidase. J. Microbiol. Biotechn. 8: 484-489 (1998)
  20. Oh NS, Lee BH. Phytase properties from Bifidobacterium animalis. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 16: 580-583 (2007)
  21. Choi NY, Shin HS. Effect of oligosaccharides and inulin on the growth and viability of bifidobacteria in skim milk. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 15: 543-548 (2006)
  22. Marcozet M, Simpson B, Lee BH. Expression of a cold-adapted fish trypsin in Pichia pastoris. FEMS Yeast Res. 5: 851-857 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsyr.2005.02.007
  23. Atwal A, Bisakowski B, Richard S, Robert N, Lee B. Cloning and expression of hydroperoxide lyase genes from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and red bell pepper (Capsicum annum) in Pichia pastoris. Process Biochem. 40: 95-102 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2003.11.042
  24. Choi YJ, Miguez CB, Lee BH. Characterization and heterologous gene expression of a novel esterase from Lactobacillus casei CL96. Appl. Environ. Microb. 70: 3213-3221 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.6.3213-3221.2004
  25. Petzelbauer I, Zeleny R, Reiter A, Kulbe KD, Nidetzky B. Development of an ultra-high-temperature process for the enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose: II. Oligosaccharide formation by two thermostable $\beta$-glycosidases. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 69: 140-149 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(20000720)69:2<140::AID-BIT3>3.0.CO;2-R
  26. Chockchaisawasdee S, Athanasopoulos VI, Niranjan K, Rastall RA. Synthesis of galactooligosaccharide from lactose using $\beta$- galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis: Studies on batch and continuous UF membrane-fitted bioreactors. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 89: 434-443 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.20357
  27. Huebner J, Wehling RL, Hutkins RW. Functional activity of commercial prebiotics. Int. Dairy. J. 17: 770-775 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2006.10.006
  28. Orrhage KM, Annas A, Nord CE, Brittebo EB, Rafter JJ. Effects of lactic acid bacteria on the food mutagen Trp-P-2 in mice. Scand. J. Gastroentero. 37: 215-221 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1080/003655202753416902
  29. Hiriyama K, Rafter J. The role of probiotic bacteria in cancer prevention. Microbes Infect. 2: 681-686 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1016/S1286-4579(00)00357-9
  30. de Roos NM, Katan MB. Effects of probiotic bacteria on diarrhea, lipid metabolism, and carcinogenesis: A review of papers published between 1988 and 1998. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71: 405-411 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/71.2.405
  31. Sakamoto I, Igarashi M, Kimura K, Takagi A, Miwa T, Koga Y. Suppressive effect of Lactobacillus gasseri OLL 2716 (LG 21) on Helicobacter pylori infection in humans. J. Antimicrob. Chemoth. 47: 709-710 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/47.5.709
  32. Xiao JZ, Kondo S, Takahashi N, Miyajik K, Oshida K, Hiramatsu A, Iwatsuki K, Kokubo S, Hosono A. Effects of milk products fermented by Bifidobacterium longum on blood lipids in rats and healthy adult male volunteers. J. Dairy. Sci. 86: 2452-2461 (2003) https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73839-9
  33. Morishita Y, Oowada T, Ozaki A, Mizutani T. Galactooligosaccharide in combination with Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides affects the population of Clostridium perfringens in the intestine of gnotobiotic mice. Nutr. Res. 22: 1333-1341 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(02)00455-4
  34. Mikkelsen LL, Jakobsen M, Jensen BB. Effects of dietary oligosaccharides on microbial diversity and fructo-oligosaccharide degrading bacteria in faeces of piglets post-weaning. Anim. Feed. Sci. Tech. 109: 133-150 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(03)00172-X
  35. Swennen K, Courtin CM, Delcour JA. Non-digestible oligosaccharides with prebiotic properties. Crit. Rev. Food. Sci. 46: 459-471 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1080/10408390500215746
  36. Mussatto SI, Mancilha IM. Non-digestible oligosaccharides: A review. Carbohyd. Polym. 68: 587-597 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.12.011