Biological Activities and Partial Characterization of Beauveria bassiana Mycelium

  • Published : 2008.02.29

Abstract

Some biological activities of Beauveria bassiana were studied to elucidate pharmacological function of B. bassiana-infected larva of the silkworm. The mycelium consisted mainly of carbohydrate (65.8%), followed by protein (15.9%) and fat (8.3%). Glucose (68.8%), mannose (7.1%), and galactose (6.1%) were major components in carbohydrates. Ten amino acids including glutamine, threonine, valine, aspartic acid, alanine, leucine, serine, glycine, arginine, and isoleucine were found in protein as major amino acids. Various extracts were prepared from the freeze-dried mycelium of B. bassiana by systemic extraction and their biological activities were investigated. Among tested fractions, the hot-water extract (HW) contributed significantly to the anti-coagulant activity, anti-complementary activity, and stimulation of intestinal immune system. The methanol extract (ME) increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity.

Keywords

References

  1. Sung J-M, Kim C-H, Yang K-J, Lee H-K, Kim Y-S. Studies on distribution and utilization of Cordyceps militaris and Cordyceps mutans. Korean Mycol. 21: 94-105 (1993)
  2. Yoo H-S, Shin J-W, Cho J-H, Son C-G, Lee Y-W, Park S-Y, Cho CK. Effects of Cordyceps militaris extract on angiogenesis and tumor growth. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 25: 657-665 (2004)
  3. Zhao-Long W, Xiao-Xia W, Wei-Ying C. Inhibitory effect of Cordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris on human glomerular mesangial cell proliferation induced by native LDL. Cell Biochem. Funct. 18: 93-97 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0844(200006)18:2<93::AID-CBF854>3.0.CO;2-#
  4. Won S-Y, Park E-H. Anti-inflammatory and related pharmacological activities of cultured mycelia and fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris. J. Ethnopharmacol. 96: 555-561 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.10.009
  5. Koh J-H, Kim J-M, Chang U-J, Suh H-J. Hypocholesterolemic effect of hot-water extract from mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 26: 84-87 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.26.84
  6. Yamaguchi Y, Kagota S, Nakamura K, Shinozuka K, Kunitomo M. Antioxidant activity of the extracts from fruiting bodies of cultured Cordyceps sinensis. Phytother. Res. 14: 647-649 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1573(200012)14:8<647::AID-PTR670>3.0.CO;2-W
  7. Zhang Q, Wu J, Hu Z, Li D. Induction of HL-60 apoptosis by ethyl acetate extract of Cordyceps sinensis fungal mycelium. Life Sci. 75: 2911-2919 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2004.05.029
  8. Ohmori T, Tamura K, Tsuru S, Nomoto K. Antitumor activity of protein-bound polysaccharide from Cordyceps ophioglossoides in mice. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 77: 1256-1263 (1986)
  9. Yu K-W, Kim K-M, Suh H-J. Pharmacological activities of stromata of Cordyceps scarabaecola. Phytother. Res. 17: 244-249 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1119
  10. Pemberton RW. Insects and other arthropods used as drugs in Korean traditional medicine. J. Ethnopharmacol. 65: 207-216 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00209-8
  11. Yoon C-S, Yu K-W, Bae S-H, Song H-H, Park H-S, Lee C. Chemical properties and physiological activities of synnemata of Beauveria bassiana. J. Microbiol. Biotechn. 13: 125-133 (2003)
  12. Fernandez S, Groden E, Vandenberg JD, Furlong MJ. The effect of mode of exposure to Beauveria bassiana on conidia acquisition and host mortality of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 77: 217-226 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1006/jipa.2001.5022
  13. AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC Intl. 16th ed. Association of Official Analytical Communities, Arlington, VA, USA (1995)
  14. Ha Y-W, Jeon B-T, Moon S-H, Toyoda H, Toida T, Linhardt RJ, Kim Y-S. Characterization of heparin sulfate from the unossified antler of Cervus elaphus. Carbohyd. Res. 340: 411-416 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2004.11.011
  15. Tarr GE, Shively JE. Methods of Protein Microcharacterization. Humana Press, Clifton, NJ, USA. pp. 155-194 (1986)
  16. Rubio LA. Determination of diaminopimelic acid in rat feces by high performance liquid chromatography using the Pico-Tag method. J. Chromatogr. B 784: 125-129 (2003)
  17. Fox I, Dawson A, Loynds R, Eisneer J, Findlen K, Levin E, Hanson D, Mant T, Wagner J, Maragaonre J. Anticoagulant activity of HirulogTM, a direct thrombin inhibitor, in human. Thromb. Haemostasis 69: 157-165 (1993)
  18. Lee H-S. Anticoagulant properties of compounds derived from Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Gaertner) fruits. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 15: 763-767 (2006)
  19. Yamada H, Kiyohara H, Cyong JC, Kojima Y, Kumazawa Y, Otsuka Y. Studies on polysaccharides from Angelica acutiloba. Part I. Fractionation and biological properties of polysaccharides. Planta Med. 50: 163-168 (1984) https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-969661
  20. Kiyohara H, Yamada H, Cyong JC, Otsuka Y. Studies on polysaccharides from Angelica acutiloba. V. Molecular aggregation and anti-complementary activity of arabinogalactan from Angelica acutiloba. J. Pharmacobio-Dynam. 9: 339-345 (1986) https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb1978.9.339
  21. Hong T, Matsumoto T, Kiyohara H, Yamada H. Enhanced production of hematopoietic growth factors through T cell activation in Peyer's patches by oral administration of kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine, 'Juzen-Taiho-To'. Phytomedicine 5: 353-360 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(98)80017-2
  22. Jun W-J, Kim S-H, Lee D-H, Chung J-W, Sim S-I, Lee K-W, Cho H-Y, Hong B-S. In vitro and in vivo effects of Gelidium amansii on intestinal immune system. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 14: 147-151 (2005)
  23. Ellman GL, Courtney KD, Andres V Jr, Featherstone RM. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem. Pharmacol. 7: 88-95 (1961) https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(61)90145-9
  24. Lim S-S, Han S-M, Kim S-Y, Bae Y-S, Kang I-J. Isolation of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 16: 256-269 (2007)
  25. Marker M, Andrews PC, Babior BM. Measurement of $O_2$ production by human neutrophils. The preparation and assay of NADPH oxidase-containing particles from human neutrophils. Method Enzymol. 105: 358-365 (1984) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(84)05048-5
  26. Hirsh J, Fuster Vl. Guide to anticoagulant therapy. Part I: Heparin. Circulation 89: 1449-1468 (1994) https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.89.3.1449
  27. Choi H-S, Sa Y-S. Fibrinolytic and antithrombotic protease from Ganoderma lucidum. Mycologia 92: 545-552 (2000) https://doi.org/10.2307/3761514
  28. Choi H-S, Shin H-H. Purification and characterization of a fibrinolytic protease in Pleurotus ostreatus. Mycologia 90: 647-679 (1998)
  29. Chun H, Shin D-H, Hong B-S, Cho H-Y, Yang H-C. Purification and biological activity of acidic polysaccharide from leaves of Thymus vulgaris L. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 24: 941-946 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.24.941
  30. Kweon M-H, Hwang H-J, Sung H-C. Isolation and characterization of anticomplementary beta-glucans from the shoots of bamboo Phyllostachys edulis. Planta Med. 69: 56-62 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-37038
  31. Gonda R, Tomoda M, Shimizu N, Yamada H. Structure and anticomplementary activity of an acidic polysaccharide from the leaves of Malva sylvestris var. mauritiana. Carbohyd. Res. 198: 323-329 (1990) https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(90)84302-B
  32. Yamada H, Ra KS, Kiyohara H, Cyong JC, Otsuka Y. Structural characterization of an anti-complementary pectic polysaccharide from the roots of Bupleurum falcatum L. Carbohyd. Res. 189: 209- 226 (1989) https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(89)84098-4
  33. Pearay O, Jiri M, Michael L, Warren S, Jerry M, John B. Handbook of Mucosal Immunology. Academic Press, London, UK. pp. 275- 285 (1994)
  34. Koh J-H, Yu K-W, Suh H-J, Choi Y-M, Ahn T-S. Activation of macrophages and the intestinal immune system by an orally administered decoction from cultured mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis. Biosci. Biotech. Bioch. 66: 407-411 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.66.407
  35. Coyle JT, Price DL, DeLong MR. Alzheimer's disease: A disorder of cortical cholinergic innervation. Science 219: 1184-1190 (1983) https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6338589
  36. Chemnitius JM, Haselmeyer KH, Gonska BD, Kreuzer H, Zech R. Indirect parasympathomimetic activity of metoclopramide: Reversible inhibition of cholinesterase from human central nervous system and blood. Pharmacol. Res. 34: 65-72 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1006/phrs.1996.9999
  37. Ohigashi H, Osawa T, Terao J, Watanabe S, Yoshikawa T. Food Factors for Cancer Prevention. Springer, Tokyo, Japan. pp. 188-193 (1997)
  38. Halliwell B. Reactive oxygen species and the central nervous system. J. Neurochem. 59: 1609-1623 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb10990.x
  39. Shigenaga MK, Hagen TM, Ames BN. Oxidative damage and mitochondrial decay in aging. P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 10771- 10778 (1994) https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.23.10771
  40. Howes MR, Houghton PJ. Plants used in Chinese and Indian traditional medicine for improvement of memory and cognitive function. Pharmacol. Biochem. Be. 75: 513-527 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-3057(03)00128-X
  41. Eldeen IMS, Elgorashi EE, van Staden J. Antibacterial, antiinflammatory, anti-cholinesterase, and mutagenic effects of extracts obtained from some trees used in South African traditional medicine. J. Ethnopharmacol. 102: 457-464 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.049