Clinical Appilication of Endobornchial Cryoablation That's Performed through Flexible Bronchoscope for Treating Tracheobronchial Ostruction

기관 및 기관지 폐색환자에서 굴곡형 기관지내시경을 이용한 냉동수술의 임상적용

  • Lee, Sung-Ho (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University) ;
  • Kim, Kwang-Taik (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University) ;
  • Chung, Jae-Ho (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University) ;
  • Chung, Won-Jae (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University) ;
  • Kang, Moon-Chul (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University) ;
  • Kang, Eun-Hae (Department of Pulmonology, Korea University Anam Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University) ;
  • Lee, Eun-Joo (Department of Pulmonology, Korea University Anam Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University) ;
  • In, Kwang-Ho (Department of Pulmonology, Korea University Anam Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University)
  • 이성호 (고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 김광택 (고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 정재호 (고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 정원재 (고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 강문철 (고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 강은해 (고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 호흡기내과학교실) ;
  • 이은주 (고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 호흡기내과학교실) ;
  • 인광호 (고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 호흡기내과학교실)
  • Published : 2008.08.05

Abstract

Background: Emergency airway access is essential when a patient has dyspnea that's due to tracheal or bronchial obstruction. Such methods as laser therapy and PDT are now being used for the treatment of tracheal obstruction that's due to benign diseases or nonsurgical malignant diseases. Cryotherapy is a method that uses extreme hypothermia for freezing a tumor to cause necrosis. In this study, we have evaluated the clinical effectiveness of performing endobronchial cryoablation through a flexible bronchoscope. Material and Method: 10 patients with tracheal obstruction that was due to endotracheal tumors were evaluated between May 2005 and May 2007. Eight were male and the mean age of the 10 patients was $59.4{\pm}18.4$ years. Three cases of tracheal obstruction were due to benign tumors and 7 were due to malignant tumors. The obstruction sites were 3 at the trachea, 3 at the carina and 4 at the bronchus. A flexible bronchoscope was inserted and the tumor was eliminated using a flexible cryoprobe. Follow up bronchoscopy was performed at 1 week and 1 month after cryoablation, and then we evaluated the decrease of dyspnea, the improvement of the performance and the complications of the procedures. Result: Complete remission was achieved in 4 patients and partial remission was achieved in 6 patients. Complications such as hemoptysis (100%), and cough (50%) were noted. Hemoptysis was spontaneously resolved in 3 to 8 days (mean: 4.9 days). A decrease in dyspnea and improvement in the performance was noted in all patients. Conclusion: Endobronchial stenosis plays a detrimental role in the life quality of a terminal cancer patient. Due to its simplicity and effectiveness for controlling bleeding, endobronchial cryoablation is considered to be a safe method that is clinically applicable to a wide range of tumors, including the removal of large tumors. We concluded that endobronchial cryoablation through a flexible bronchoscope is a safe, effective method for treating tracheobroncheal obstructions.

배경: 기관이나 기관분지부를 폐색시켜 호흡곤란을 유발하는 경우 기관 내경을 확보하기 위한 응급 시술이 필요하며 기관지 내시경을 이용한 레이저 소작술, 광역동치료 등의 치료가 사용된다. 냉동치료는 극저온으로 암을 얼려 암 조직의 괴사를 만들고 암을 제거하는 방법으로 본 연구에서 기관지내시경을 이용한 냉동수술의 임상적 유용성을 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2005년 5월부터 2007년 5월까지 기관지내 종양으로 기관지 폐색을 일으킨 10명의 환자를 대상으로 분석하였다. 8명은 남자환자였고 평균연령은 $59.4{\pm}18.4$세였다. 양성종양이 3명, 악성종양이 7명이었고 폐색부위는 기관이 3명, 기관분지부가 3명, 기관지 4명이었다 시술은 굴곡형 기관지 내시경을 통하여 굴곡형 냉동수술기구를 넣어 기관지 폐색부위의 종양을 제거하였다. 냉동수술 1주 후, 1달 후에 각각 기관지내시경을 시행하여 시술의 성공률과 호흡곤란의 완화, 활동도의 호전, 시술의 합병증을 분석하였다. 결과: 10명의 환자 중 4명은 완전 관해되었고 6명은 불완전 관해를 보였다. 시술 후 합병증은 각혈(100%), 기침(5명) 등이 발생하였다. 각혈은 특별한 치료 없이 평균 4.9일($3{\sim}8$일)만에 호전되었다. 시술 후 모든 환자에서 호흡곤란의 완화와 활동도(performance scale)의 호전을 볼 수 있었다. 결론: 기관폐색은 말기암환자의 삶의 질 평가에서 중요한 부분을 차지하는 요소이다. 기관폐색의 재개통 방법 중 냉동수술은 간편하고 출혈이 적어 많은 양의 조직을 제거할 때 사용할 수 있는 안전한 방법으로 임상적용범위가 넓다. 본 임상경험에서, 기관 및 기관폐색 환자에서의 굴곡형 기관지 내시경을 이용한 냉동수술 방법은 효과적이며 안전한 방법이라 생각한다.

Keywords

References

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