Radiation Oncology Journal

The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology (대한방사선종양학회)
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Comparative Analysis of Patterns of Care Study of Radiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer among Three Countries: South Korea, Japan and the United States

한국, 미국, 일본의 식도암 방사선 치료에 대한 PCS($1998{\sim}1999$) 결과의 비교 분석

  • Hur, Won-Joo (Departments of Radiation Oncology, Dong-A University College of Medicine) ;
  • Choi, Young-Min (Departments of Radiation Oncology, Dong-A University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Jeung-Kee (Departments of Radiation Oncology, Dong-A University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Hyung-Sik (Departments of Radiation Oncology, Dong-A University College of Medicine) ;
  • Choi, Seok-Reyol (Departments of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Il-Han (Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital)
  • 허원주 (동아대학교 의과대학 방사선종양학교실) ;
  • 최영민 (동아대학교 의과대학 방사선종양학교실) ;
  • 김정기 (동아대학교 의과대학 방사선종양학교실) ;
  • 이형식 (동아대학교 의과대학 방사선종양학교실) ;
  • 최석렬 (동아대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김일한 (서울대학교병원 방사선종양학교실)
  • Published : 2008.06.30
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Abstract

Purpose: For the first time, a nationwide survey of the Patterns of Care Study(PCS) for the various radiotherapy treatments of esophageal cancer was carried out in South Korea. In order to observe the different parameters, as well as offer a solid cooperative system, we compared the Korean results with those observed in the United States(US) and Japan. Materials and Methods: Two hundreds forty-six esophageal cancer patients from 21 institutions were enrolled in the South Korean study. The patients received radiation theraphy(RT) from 1998 to 1999. In order to compare these results with those from the United States, a published study by Suntharalingam, which included 414 patients[treated by Radiotherapy(RT)] from 59 institutions between 1996 and 1999 was chosen. In order to compare the South Korean with the Japanese data, we choose two different studies. The results published by Gomi were selected as the surgery group, in which 220 esophageal cancer patients were analyzed from 76 facilities. The patients underwent surgery and received RT with or without chemotherapy between 1998 and 2001. The non-surgery group originated from a study by Murakami, in which 385 patients were treated either by RT alone or RT with chemotherapy, but no surgery, between 1999 and 2001. Results: The median age of enrolled patients was highest in the Japanese non-surgery group(71 years old). The gender ratio was approximately 9:1(male:female) in both the Korean and Japanese studies, whereas females made up 23.1% of the study population in the US study. Adenocarcinoma outnumbered squamous cell carcinoma in the US study, whereas squamous cell carcinoma was more prevalent both the Korean and Japanese studies(Korea 96.3%, Japan 98%). An esophagogram, endoscopy, and chest CT scan were the main modalities of diagnostic evaluation used in all three countries. The US and Japan used the abdominal CT scan more frequently than the abdominal ultrasonography. Radiotherapy alone treatment was most rarely used in the US study(9.5%), compared to the Korean(23.2%) and Japanese(39%) studies. The combination of the three modalities(Surgery+RT+Chemotherapy) was performed least often in Korea(11.8%) compared to the Japanese(49.5%) and US(32.8%) studies. Chemotherapy(89%) and chemotherapy with concurrent chemoradiotherapy(97%) was most frequently used in the US study. Fluorouracil(5-FU) and Cisplatin were the most preferred drug treatments used in all three countries. The median radiation dose was 50.4 Gy in the US study, as compared to 55.8 Gy in the Korean study regardless of whether an operation was performed. However, in Japan, different median doses were delivered for the surgery(48 Gy) and non-surgery groups(60 Gy). Conclusion: Although some aspects of the evaluation of esophageal cancer and its various treatment modalities were heterogeneous among the three countries surveyed, we found no remarkable differences in the RT dose or technique, which includes the number of portals and energy beams.

목적: 식도암의 방사선 치료에 대해 최초로 시행한 한국의 PCS의 결과를 토대로 미국, 일본에서 시행한 결과와 비교 분석하여 식도암 환자들의 특징, 진단 및 치료방침의 차이를 파악해 향후 범 국가적으로 활용할 시스템의 구축에 응용하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 국내의 21개 병원의 방사선 종양학과에서 1998-1999년 동안 식도암으로 확진 된 후 방사선 치료를 받은 총 246명을 대상으로 하였다. 이 결과를 미국 59개 병원에서 식도암 환자 414명을 연구한 PCS 결과(Suntharalingam)와 비교 하였다. 또 일본의 76개 병원에서 수술과 방사선치료를 받았거나 수술, 방사선 치료, 항암제치료를 함께 받은 수술 군 환자 220명(Gomi), 수술을 받지 않고 방사선 치료만 시행하였거나 방사선 치료와 항암제치료를 함께 시행한 비 수술 군 환자 385명(Murakami)을 대상으로 시행한 PCS 결과와 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 환자들의 평균 연령은 일본의 비 수술 군이 가장 높았다(71세). 한국과 일본은 남성의 발생 빈도가 월등히 높았지만(9:1) 미국은 여성의 발생률이 23.1%였다. 한국과 일본은 편평상피세포암이 압도적으로 많았지만(한국 96.3%, 일본 98%) 미국은 선암이 더 많은 양상을 보였다(49.6%). 병기결정을 위한 검사는 식도 내시경, 흉부 컴퓨터 단층촬영, 식도조영술을 가장 많이 사용하였고 미국과 일본은 복부 컴퓨터단층촬영을 복부 초음파보다 더 자주 시행하였다. 치료방침을 분석한 결과 방사선 단독치료의 비율은 한국이 23.2%, 일본이 39%인데 반해 미국은 9.5%에 불과하였다. 수술과 방사선 및 항암치료를 병용한 빈도는 미국(32.8%)과 일본(49.5%)이 한국(11.8%)보다 높았다. 식도암 치료에 있어서 항암제 치료는 미국이 가장 높은 빈도로 사용되어졌고(89%) 동시항암방사선 치료도의 빈도도 미국이 가장 높았다(97%). 항암치료제는 3개국 모두에서 cisplatin과 5-FU를 가장 선호하였다. 방사선 조사량은 한국 55.8 Gy, 미국 50.4 Gy였고 일본은 수술 군(48 Gy)과 비 수술 군(60 Gy)이 현격한 차이를 보였다. 결론: 한국, 미국, 일본에서 시행된 식도암 환자의 PCS 결과를 분석하여 환자 및 종양의 특징, 진단 및 치료 방침에 다소간의 상이점을 발견하였다. 그러나 방사선 조사량과 조사야 수, 방사선치료 에너지의 종류 등 방사선 기술적인 부분은 3개국 모두에서 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다.

Keywords

References

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