Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration (지구물리와물리탐사)

Korean Society of Earth and Exploration Geophysicists (한국지구물리·물리탐사학회)
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Velocity-porosity relationships in oceanic basalt from eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge: The effect of crack closure on seismic velocity

Juan do Fuca 해저산맥의 동쪽 측면으로부터 얻은 해양성 현무암의 속도와 공극률의 관계: 균열닫힘이 탄성파 속도에 미치는 영향

  • Tsuji, Takeshi (Department of Civil and Earth Resources Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus) ;
  • Iturrino, Gerardo J. (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University)
  • 십건 (쿄토 대학, 공학 연구과 사회기반공학) ;
  • Published : 2008.02.29
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Abstract

To construct in situ velocity-porosity relationships for oceanic basalt, considering crack features, P- and S-wave velocity measurements on basaltic samples obtained from the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge were carried out under confining pressures up to 40 MPa. Assuming that the changes in velocities with confining pressures are originated by micro-crack closure, we estimated micro-crack aspect ratio spectra using the Kuster-$Toks{\ddot{o}}z$ theory. The result demonstrates that the normalised aspect ratio spectra of the different samples have similar characteristics. From the normalised aspect ratio spectrum, we then constructed theoretical velocity-porosity relationships by calculating an aspect ratio spectrum for each porosity. In addition, by considering micro-crack closure due to confining pressure, a velocity-porosity relationship as a function of confining pressure could be obtained. The theoretical relationships that take into account the aspect ratio spectra are consistent with the observed relationships for over 100 discrete samples measured at atmospheric pressure, and the commonly observed pressure dependent relationships for a wide porosity range. The agreement between the laboratory-derived data and theoretically estimated values demonstrates that the velocity-porosity relationships of the basaltic samples obtained from the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, and their pressure dependence, can be described by the crack features (i.e. normalised aspect ratio spectra) and crack closure.

해양성 현무암층에 대해 현장에서의 속도와 공극률의 관계를 알기 위해서 Juan do Fuca 해저산맥의 동쪽 측면으로부터 채취한 현무암 시료들에 대해 최고 40MPa 구속압력(confining pressure)하에서 균열 특성을 고려하며 P파와 S파 속도를 측정하였다. 구속압력에 따른 속도의 변화는 미세균열의 닫힘(microcrack closure)에 기인한다고 가정하고, Kuster-$Toks{\ddot{o}}z$ 이론을 이용하여 미세균열의 개구비 스펙트라(micro-crack aspect ratio spectra)를 측정하였다. 그 결과 서로 다른 시료들의 정규화된 개구비 스펙트라들이 유사한 특성을 갖는다는 것을 보여주었다. 그리고 나서 정규화된 개구비 스펙트럼(spectrum)으로부터, 각 공극률에 대한 개구비 스펙트럼을 계산함으로써 이론적인 속도와 공극률의 관계를 만들었다. 또한 구속압력에 따른 미세균열 닫힘을 고려하여 구속압력의 함수로서의 속도-공극률 관계를 얻을 수 있었다. 개구비 스펙트라를 고려한 이론적인 관계는 대기압하에서 측정된 100개가 넘는 시료들에 대해 관찰된 관계와 잘 일치하고, 넓은 범의의 공극률에 대해 일반적으로 관찰되는 압력 의존적인 관계와도 잘 일치된다. 실험에서 유도된 자료들과 이론적으로 계산된 값들의 일치를 통해 Juan de Fuca 해저산맥의 동쪽 측면으로부터 얻어진 현무암 시료의 속도와 공극률의 관계는 균열의 특성(즉, 정규화된 개구비 스펙트라)과 균열 담힘에 의해 설명되어질 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

Keywords

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