DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Germinated and Fermented Unmarketable Soybean on Laying Performance and Egg Quality in Laying Hens

발아, 발효 처리한 비상품성대두 급여가 산란계의 생산성과 계란의 품질에 미치는 영할

  • Shin, Jin-Ho (Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University) ;
  • Park, Jung-Min (Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University) ;
  • Bak, Da-Jeong (Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University) ;
  • Jean, Woo-Min (Division of Animal Science, Samyook University) ;
  • Song, Jea-Chul (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Ulsan University) ;
  • Kim, Sung-Ki (Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services Center) ;
  • An, Byoung-Ki (Department of Animal Science and Environment, Konkuk University) ;
  • Kang, Chang-Won (Department of Animal Science and Environment, Konkuk University) ;
  • Jung, Woo-Suk (Division of Applied Bio-Sciences, Konkuk University) ;
  • Kim, Jin-Man (Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University)
  • 신진호 (건국대학교 축산식품생물공학과) ;
  • 박정민 (건국대학교 축산식품생물공학과) ;
  • 박다정 (건국대학교 축산식품생물공학과) ;
  • 전우민 (삼육대학교 동물과학부) ;
  • 송재철 (울산대학교 식품영양과) ;
  • 김성기 (경기도 제2농업연구소) ;
  • 안병기 (건국대학교 동물생산환경학과) ;
  • 강창원 (건국대학교 동물생산환경학과) ;
  • 정우석 (건국대학교 응용생물과학과) ;
  • 김진만 (건국대학교 축산식품생물공학과)
  • Published : 2008.12.31

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of germinated and fermented unmarketable soybean (GFS) on laying performance and egg quality in laying hens. A total of two hundred laying hens were divided into 5 groups (5 treatment $\times$ 4 replication $\times$ 10 birds each) and fed with the experimental diets for 8 wk as follows: control, GFS free; T1, GFS 0.15%; T2, GFS 0.3%; T3, GFS 1%; T4, GFS 2%. The laying performance, egg quality, blood profiles, cecal microbial population, isoflavone content in egg yolk were investigated. There were no significant differences laying performance, relative liver and spleen weights, egg yolk color, eggshell color among groups. Eggshell strength in groups fed with diets containing GFS increased, but not significantly. Eggshell thickness significantly increased in the GFS-supplemented group. No significant differences were observed in the blood profiles and intestinal microflora after supplementation. The decrease of Haugh unit during storage was alleviated by feeding of GFS (p<0.05). The concentrations of malondialdehyde in groups fed with GFS were decreased as compared with control (p<0.05). Isoflavones in the egg yolk were detected in group fed with diet containing 2% GFS. These results showed that unmarketable GFS could be used as a favorable feed additive and feedstuff for production of quality enhanced and isoflavone fortified eggs.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahmad, S. and Pathak, D. K. (2000) Nutritional changes in soybean during germination. J. Food Sci. Tech. 37, 665-666
  2. An, B. K., Shinn, K. H., Kobayashi, Y., Tanaka, K., and Kang, C. W. (2003) Excessive dietary conjugated linoleic acid affects hepatic lipid content and muscular fatty acid composition in young chicks. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 16, 1171-1176 https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2003.1171
  3. Anderson, R. L. and Wolf, W. J. (1995) Compositional changes in trypsin inhibitors, phytic acid, saponin and isoflavones related to soybean processing. J. Nutr. 125, 24-31
  4. Brenes, A., Marquardt, R. R., Guenter, W., and Viveros, A. (2002) Effect of enzyme addition on the performance and gastrointestinal tract size of chicks fed lupin seed and their fractions. Poult. Sci. 81, 670-678 https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/81.5.670
  5. Botsoglou, N. A., Fletouris, D. J., Papageorgiou, G. E., Vassilopoulous, V. N., Mantis, A. J., and Trakatellis A. G. (1994) A rapid, sensitive and specific thiobarbituric acid method for measuring lipid peroxidation in animal tissues, food, and feedstuff samples. J. Agric. Food Chem. 42, 1931-1937 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00045a019
  6. Chen, C. Y. (2001) Soybean isoflavones modulated antioxidant defense systems and decreased lipid peroxidation in rats and humans. Ph. D. thesis, Univ. of Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, USA
  7. Childs, M. T., Bowlin, J. A., Ogilvie, J. T., Hazzard, W. R., and Albers, J. J. (1981) The contrasting effects of a dietary soya lecithin product and corn oil on lipoprotein lipids in normolipidemic and familial hypercholesterolemic subjects. Atherosclerosis 38, 217-228 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9150(81)90119-2
  8. Cook, D. R. (1998) The effect of dietary soybean isoflavones on the rate and efficiency of growth and carcass muscle content in pigs and rats. Ph. D. thesis, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA, USA
  9. Crouse, J., Morgan, T., Terry, J., Ellis, J., Vitolins, M., and Burke, G. (1999) A randomized trial comparing the effect of casein with that of soy protein containing varying amounts of isoflavones on concentration of lipids and lipoproteins. Arch. Inter. Med. 159, 2070-2076 https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.159.17.2070
  10. Duncan, D. B. (1955) Multiple range and multiple F test. Biometrics 11, 1-42 https://doi.org/10.2307/3001478
  11. Fielding, C. J. and Fielding, P. E. (1995) Molecular physiology of reverse cholesterol transport. J. Lipid Res. 36, 211-228
  12. Greaves, K., Wilson, M., Rudel, L., Williams, J., and Wanger, J. (2000) Consumption of soy protein reduces cholesterol absorption compared to casein protein alone or supplemented with an isoflavone extract or conjugated equine estrogen in ovariectomized cynomolgus monkey. J. Nutr. 130, 820-826
  13. Hayirli, A., Lees, and Stanley, G. H. S. (1957) A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 226, 497-509
  14. Hughes, R. J., Choct, M., Kocher, A., and Van Barneveld, R. J. (2000). Effect of food enzymes on AME and composition of digesta from broiler fed on diets containing non-starch polysaccharides isolated from lupin kernel. Br. Poult. Sci. 41, 318-323 https://doi.org/10.1080/713654936
  15. Ikeda, R., Ohta, N., and Watanabe, T. (1995) Changes of isoflavones at various stages of fermentation in defatted soy beans. J. Jpn. Soc. Food Sci. Technol. 42, 322-327 https://doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.42.322
  16. Izumi, T., Piskula, M. K., and Osawa, S. (2000) Soy isoflavone aglycones are absorbed faster and in higher amounts than their glucosides in humans. J. Nutr. 130, 1695-1699
  17. Kawakami, Y., Tsurugasaki, W., Nakamura, S., and Osada, K. (2005) Comparison of regulative functions between dietary soy isoflavones aglycone and glucoside on lipid metabolism in rats fed cholesterol. J. Nutr. Biochem. 16, 205-212 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.11.005
  18. Keshavarz, K. (1996) The effect of different levels of vitamin C and cholecalciferol with adequate or marginal levels of dietary calcium on performance and eggshell quality of laying hens. Poult. Sci. 75, 1227-1235 https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0751227
  19. Lopez, B. C. J., Gray, J. I., Gomaa, E. A., and Flegal, C. J. (1998) Effect of dietary administration of oil extracts from rosemary and sage on lipid oxidation in broiler meat. Br. Poult. Sci. 39, 235-240 https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669889187
  20. Lumeij, J. T. (1997) Avian clinical biochemistry. In: Clinical biochemistry of domestic animal. Kaneko, J., Harvey, J. W., and Bruss, M. L. (eds), Academic Press, pp. 857-883
  21. Matsuura, M., Obata, A., and Murao, S. (1995) Studies on glucosidases from soybeans that hydrolyze daidzin and genistin: Isolation and characterization of an isozyme. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 59, 1623-1627 https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.59.1623
  22. McGrain, A. K., Chen, J. C., Wilson, K. A., and Tan-Wilson, A. L. (1989) Degradation of trypsin inhibitors during soybean germination. Phytochemistry 28, 1013-1017 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)80174-8
  23. Meluzzi, A., Sirri, F., Manfreda, G., Tallarico, N., and Franchini, A. (2000) Effects of dietary vitamin E on the quality of table eggs enriched with n-3 long chain fatty acid. Poult. Sci. 79, 539-545 https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/79.4.539
  24. Michella, S. and Slaugh, B. (2000) Producing and marketing a specialty egg. Poult. Sci. 79, 975-976 https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/79.7.975
  25. Murata, M., Imaizumi, K., and Sugano, M. (1983) Hepatic secretion of lipids and apolipoproteins in rats fed soybean phospholipid and soybean oil. J. Nutr. 113, 1708-1716 https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/113.9.1708
  26. Naber, E. C. (1979) The effect of nutrition on the composition of eggs. Poult. Sci. 58, 518-528 https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0580518
  27. NRC (1994) Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th ed, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, pp. 81
  28. Oh, S. W., Lee, J. S., Yang, H. J., Lee, Y. B., Sohn, H. A., and Kwon, D. Y. (2002) Amino acid substitution of hypocholesterolemic peptide originated from glycinin hydrolyzate. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 11, 55-61
  29. Pandjaitan, N., Hettiarachchy, N., and Ju, Z. Y. (2000a) Enrichment of genistein in soy protein concentrate with aglucosidase. J. Food Sci. 65, 403-407 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb16016.x
  30. Pandjaitan, N., Hettiarachchy, N., Ju, Z. Y., Crandall, P., Sneller, C., and Dombek, D. (2000b) Enrichment of genistein in soy protein concentrate with hydrocolloids and $\beta$-glucosidase. J. Food Sci. 65, 591-595 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb16055.x
  31. Persky, V. W., Turky, M. E., and Wang, L. (2002) Effect of soy protein on endogenous hormones in postmenopausal women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 75, 145-153 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/75.1.145
  32. Ryu, S. B., Zheng, L., and Wang, X. (1996) Changes in phospholipase D expression in soybeans during seed development and germination. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 73, 1171-1176 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02523380
  33. Sahin, N., Sahin, K., and Onderci, M. (2003) Vitamin E and selenium supplementation to alleciate cold-stress-associated deterioration in egg quality and egg yolk mineral concentrations of Japanese quails. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 96, 179-189 https://doi.org/10.1385/BTER:96:1-3:179
  34. Saitoh, S., Sato, T., Harada, H., and Takita, T. (2001) Transfer of soy isoflavone into the egg yolk of chickens. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 65, 2220-2225 https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.65.2220
  35. Saitoh, S., Sato, T., Harada, H., and Matsuda, T. (2004) Biotransformation of soy isoflavone-glycosides in laying hens: intestinal absorption and preferential accumulation into egg yolk of equol, a more estrogenic metabolite of daidzein. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1674, 122-130
  36. SAS (2001) SAS Stat User' Guide. Version 8 ed. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA
  37. Sattar, A., Neelofar, R., and Akhtar, N. M. A. (1990) Irradiation and germination effects on phytate, protein, and amino acids of soybean. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 40(3), 185-194 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01104141
  38. Smits, C. H. M. (1996) Viscosity of dietary fiber in relation to lipid digestibility in broiler chickens. Ph. D. Thesis, Wageningen Agric. Univ., Wageningen, Netherland
  39. Sumida, S. K., Tanaka, K. K., and Akadomo, F. N. (1989) Exerciseinduced lipid peroxidation and leakage of enzyme before and after vitamin E supplementation. J. Biochem. 21, 835-838
  40. Tang, S. Z., Kerry, J. P., Sheeham, D., Buckley, D. J., and Morrissey, P. A. (2000) Dietary tea catechins and ironinduced lipid oxidation in chicken meat, liver and heart. Meat Sci. 56, 285-290 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(00)00055-3
  41. Tikkanen, M. J. and Adlercreutz, H. (2000) Dietary soyderived isoflavone phytoestrogens: Could they have a role in coronary heart disease prevention? Biochem. Pharmacol. 60, 1-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(99)00409-8
  42. Tikkanen, M. J., Wahala, S., Ojala, S., Vihma, V., and Adlercreutz, H. (1998) Effect of soybean phytoestrogen intake on low density lipoprotein oxidation resistance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 3106-3110 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.6.3106
  43. Tuohy, K. M., Ziemer, C. J., Klinder, A., Knobel, Y., Pool- Zobel, B. L., and Gibson, G. R. (2002) A human volunteer study to determine the probiotic effects of lactulose powder on human colonic microbiota. Microb. Ecol. Health Dis. 14, 165-173 https://doi.org/10.1080/089106002320644357
  44. Viveros, A., Brenes, A., Pizarro, M., and Castano, M. (1994) Effect of enzyme supplementation of a diet based on barley, and autoclave treatment, on apparent digestibility, growth performance and gut morphology of broilers. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 48, 237-251 https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(94)90175-9
  45. Viveros, A., Brenes, A., Elices, R., Arija, I., and Canales, R. (2001) Nutritional value of raw and autoclaved kabuli and desi chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) for growing chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 42, 242-251 https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660120048500
  46. Williams, K. C. (1992) Some factor affecting albumen quality with particular reference to Haugh unit score. World' Poult. Sci. J. 48, 5-16 https://doi.org/10.1079/WPS19920002
  47. Wiseman, H., O'eilly, J. D., Adlercreutz, H., Mallet, A. I., Bowey, E. A., Rowland, I. R., and Sanders, T. A. (2000) Isoflavone phytoestrogens consumed in soy decrease F(2)-isoprostane concentrations and increase resistance of lowdensity lipoprotein to oxidation in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 72, 395-400 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/72.2.395
  48. Xie, L., Hettiarachchy, N. S., Cai, R., Tsuruhami, K., and Koikeda, S. (2003) Conversion of isoflavone glycosides to aglycones in SoyLife and soy meal using $\beta$-glycosidase. J. Food Sci. 68, 427-30 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb05689.x
  49. Young, J. F., Stagsted, J., Jensen, S. K., Karlsson, A. H., and Henckel, P. (2003) Ascorbic acid, $\alpha$-tocopherol, and oregano supplements reduce stress-induced deterioration of chicken meat quality. Poult. Sci. 82, 1343-1351 https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/82.8.1343
  50. Yousef, M. I., Kamel, K. I., Esmail, A. M., and Baghdadi, H. H. (2004) Antioxidant activities and lipid lowering effects of isoflavone in male rabbits. Food Chem. Toxicol. 42, 1497-1503 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2004.04.012
  51. Zhao, R. Q., Zhou, Y. C., Ni, Y. D., Lu, L. Z., Tao, Z. R., Chen, W. H., and Chen, J. (2005) Effect of daidzein on egglaying performance in Shaoxing duck breeders during different stage of the egg production cycle. Br. Poult. Sci. 46, 175-181 https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660500064808

Cited by

  1. Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler Chicks Fed Germinated and Fermented Soybeans vol.30, pp.6, 2010, https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2010.30.6.938
  2. Management Practices on Functional Meats and Meat Products in European Countries and the Oceania Area vol.30, pp.5, 2010, https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2010.30.5.703
  3. Dietary genistein supplementation for breeders and their offspring improves the growth performance and immune function of broilers vol.8, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23530-z
  4. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Soy Isoflavones on the Performance and Egg Quality in Native Chinese Breeder Hens vol.21, pp.4, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0940