References
- Cheon J, Kim CS, Lee ES, et al. Survey of incidence of urological cancer in South Korea: a 15-year summary. lnt J Urol 2002;9:445-454 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2002.00500.x
- Pollack A, Zagars GK, Cole CJ, Dinney CP, Swanson DA, Grossman HB. The relationship of local control to distant metastasis in muscle invasive bladder cancer. J Urol 1995; 154:2059-2063 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)66693-X
- Stein JP, Lieskovsky G, Cote R, et al. Radical cystectomy in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer: long-term results in 1,054 patients. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:666-675 https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2001.19.3.666
- Birkenhake S, Martus p, Kuhn R, Schroll KM, Sauer R. Radiotherapy alone or radiochemotherapy with platin derivatives following transurethral resection of the bladder. Organ preservation and survival after treatment of bladder cancer. Strahlenther Onkol 1998;174:121-127 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03038494
- Freiha F, Reese J, Torti FM. A randomized trial of radical cystectomy versus radical cystectomy plus cisplatin, vinblastine and methotrexate chemotherapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer. J Urol 1996;155:495-499 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)66430-9
- Ghoneim MA, el-Mekresh MM, el-Baz MA, el-Allar lA, Ashamallah A. Radical cystectomy for carcinoma of the bladder: critical evaluation of the results in 1,026 cases. J Urol 1997; 158:393- 399 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)64487-2
- Lehmann J, Retz M, Stockle M. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer. World J Urol 2001;19:133-140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003450000194
- Shipley WU, Winter KA, Kaufman DS, et al. Phase III trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with invasive bladder cancer treated with selective bladder preservation by combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy: initial results of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 89-03. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16:3576-3583
- Stockle M, Meyenburg W, Wellek S, et al. Adjuvant polychemotherapy of nonorgan-confined bladder cancer after radical cystectomy revisited: long-term results of a controlled prospective study and further clinical experience. J Urol 1995; 153:47-52 https://doi.org/10.1097/00005392-199501000-00019
- Shipley WU, Rose MA. Bladder cancer. The selection of patients for treatment by full-dose irradiation. Cancer 198555: 2278-2284 https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19850501)55:9+<2278::AID-CNCR2820551435>3.0.CO;2-#
- Sauer R, Birkenhake S, Kuhn R, Willekind C, Schroll KM, Martus P. Efficacy of radiochemotherapy with platin derivatives compared to radiotherapy alone in organ-sparing treatment of bladder cancer. lnt J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998;40:121-127 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-3016(97)00579-8
- Birkenhake S, Leykamm S, Martus P, Sauer R. Concomitant radiochemotherapy with 5-FU and cisplatin for invasive bladder cancer. Acute toxicity and first results. Strahlenther Onkol 1999;175:97-101 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02742341
- Gospodarowicz MK, Hawkins NV, Rawlings GA, et al. Radical radiotherapy for muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: failure analysis. J Urol 1989;142:1448-1453 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)39122-X
- Rodel C, Grabenbauer GG, Kuhn R, et al. Combinedmodality treatment and selective organ preservation in invasive bladder cancer: long-term results. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:3061-3071 https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.11.027
- Mills RD, Turner WH, Fleischmann A, Markwalder R, Thalmann GN, Studer UE. Pelvic lymph node metastases from bladder cancer: outcome in 83 patients after radical cystectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. J Urol 2001;166:19-23 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)66067-3
- Vieweg J, Gschwend JE, Herr HW, Fair WR. Pelvic lymph node dissection can be curative in patients with node positive bladder cancer. J Urol 1999;161:449-454 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)61921-9
- Dalbagni G, Genega E, Hashibe M, et al. Cystectomy for bladder cancer: a contemporary series. J Urol 2001;165: 1111-1116 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)66440-3
- Chahal R, Sundaram SK, Iddenden R, Forman DF, Weston PM, Harrison SC. A study of the morbidity, mortality and long-term survival following radical cystectomy and radical radiotherapy in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer in Yorkshire. Eur Urol 2003;43:246-257 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0302-2838(02)00581-X
- McDougal WS. Metabolic complications of urinary intestinal diversion. J Urol 1992;147:1199-1208 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)37517-1
- Kim HL, Steinberg GD. The current status of bladder preservation in the treatment of muscle invasive bladder cancer. J Urol 2000; 164:627-632 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67267-9
- Quilty PM, Duncan W. Primary radical radiotherapy for T3 transitional cell cancer of the bladder: an analysis of survival and control. lnt J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1986;12:853-860 https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(86)90376-7
- Shipley WU, Kaufman DS, Tester WJ, Pilepich MV, Sandler HM. Overview of bladder cancer trials in the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Cancer 2003;97:2115-2119 https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.11282
- Zietman AL, Sacco D, Skowronski U, et al. Organ conservation in invasive bladder cancer by transurethral resection, chemotherapy and radiation: results of a urodynamic and quality of life study on long-term survivors. J Urol 2003;170: 1772-1776 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000093721.23249.c3
- Tester W, Caplan R, Heaney J, et al. Neoadjuvant combined modality program with selective organ preservation for invasive bladder cancer: results of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group phase II trial 8802. J Clin Oncol 1996;14:119-126 https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1996.14.1.119
- Moonen L, vd Voet H, de Nijs R, Hart AA, Horenblas S, Bartelink H. Muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with external beam radiotherapy: pretreatment prognostic factors and the predictive value of cystoscopic re-evaluation during treatment. Radiother Oncol 1998;49: 149-155 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8140(98)00089-9
- Morrison R. The results of treatment of cancer of the bladder - a clinical contribution to radiobiology. Clin Radiol 1975;26: 67-75 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-9260(75)80017-1
- Chung WK, Oh BR, Ahn SJ. The prognostic factors affecting survival in muscle invasive bladder cancer treated with radiotherapy. J Korean Soc Ther Radiol Oncol 2002;20:130-138
- Duncan W, Quilty PM. The results of a series of 963 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder primarily treated by radical megavoltage X-ray therapy. Radiother Oncol 1986;7:299-310 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8140(86)80059-7
- Hayter CR, Paszat LF, Groome PA, Schulze K, Math M, Mackillop WJ. A population-based study of the use and outcome of radical radiotherapy for invasive bladder cancer. lnt J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999;45:1239-1245 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-3016(99)00306-5
- Cho JH, Lim JH, Seong JS. Bladder preservation by combined modality therapy for invasive bladder cancer: a five-year follow-up. J Korean Soc Ther Radiol Oncol 2001;19:359-368
- Mameghan H, Fisher R, Mameghan J, Brook S. Analysis of failure following definitive radiotherapy for invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. lnt J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1995;31 :247-254 https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(94)E0135-7
- Yoon SM, Yang KM, Lee HS. Combined modality therapy with selective bladder preservation for muscle invading bladder cancer. J Korean Soc Ther Radiol Oncol 2001;19:237-244
- Shipley WU, Prout GR Jr, Einstein AB, et al. Treatment of invasive bladder cancer by cisplatin and radiation in patients unsuited for surgery. Jama 1987;258:931-935 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.258.7.931
- Jacobsen AB, Lunde S, Ous S, et al. T2/T3 bladder carcinomas treated with definitive radiotherapy with emphasis on flow cytometric DNA ploidy values. lnt J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1989; 17:923-929 https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(89)90137-5