Diagnostic Value of Procalcitonin and C-Reactive Protein in Differentiation of Pleural Effusions

흉수의 감별에 있어서 procalcitonin과 C-반응성단백의 유용성

  • Kim, Sang-Ha (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Joo Young (Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Hyun Sook (Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine) ;
  • Seo, Hee Seok (Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Shin Tae (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Chong Whan (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Bu Ghil (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Seok Jeong (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Shun Nyung (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine) ;
  • Noh, Jin Kyu (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Min Su (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Won Yeon (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine) ;
  • Yong, Suk Joong (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine) ;
  • Shin, Kye Chul (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine)
  • 김상하 (연세대학교 원주의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 박주영 (연세대학교 원주의과대학 미생물학교실) ;
  • 박현숙 (연세대학교 원주의과대학 미생물학교실) ;
  • 서희석 (연세대학교 원주의과대학 미생물학교실) ;
  • 김신태 (연세대학교 원주의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김종환 (연세대학교 원주의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 이부길 (연세대학교 원주의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 이석정 (연세대학교 원주의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 이선녕 (연세대학교 원주의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 노진규 (연세대학교 원주의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 이민수 (연세대학교 원주의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 리원연 (연세대학교 원주의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 용석중 (연세대학교 원주의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 신계철 (연세대학교 원주의과대학 내과학교실)
  • Received : 2007.09.28
  • Accepted : 2007.10.23
  • Published : 2007.10.30

Abstract

Background: Malignancies are a common and important causes of exudative pleural effusions. Several tumor markers have been studied because the pleural fluid cytology and pleural biopsy specimens do not provide a diagnosis in a high percentage of malignant effusions. In an attempt to overcome this limitation, procalcitonin and C-reactive protein (CRP) in pleural effusions and serum, which are known to be inflammation markers, were measured to determine if they can differentiate an exudate from trasndate as well as the diverse causes of exudative pleural effusion. Methods: 178 consecutive patients with pleural effusion (malignant 57, tuberculous 51, parapneumonic 31, empyema 5, miscellaneous benign 7, transudative 27)were studied prospectively. The standard parameters of pleural effusion and measured serum and pleural procalcitonin were examined using in immunoluminometric assay. The level of CRP in serum and pleural fluid was determined by turbidimetric immunoassay. Results: The pleural procalcitonin levels in the exudate were significantly higher than those in the transudate, $0.81{\pm}3.09ng/mL$ and $0.12{\pm}0.12ng/mL$, respectively (p=0.007). The pleural CRP levels were significantly higher in the exudate than the transudate, $2.83{\pm}3.31mg/dL$ and $0.74{\pm}0.67mg/dL$, respectively (p<0.001). The pleural procalcitonin levels in the benign effusion were significantly higher than those in the malignant effusion, $1.15{\pm}3.82ng/mL$ and $0.25{\pm}0.92ng/mL$, respectively (p=0.032). The pleural CRP levels were significantly higher in the benign effusion than in the malignant effusion, $3.68{\pm}3.78mg/dL$ and $1.42{\pm}1.54mg/dL$, respectively (p<0.001). The pleural procalcitonin levels in the non-tuberculous effusion were significantly higher than those in the tuberculous effusion, $1.16{\pm}3.75ng/mL$ and $0.13{\pm}0.37ng/mL$, respectively (p=0.008). Conclusion: Measuring the level of procalcitonin and CRP in the pleural fluid is helpful for differentiating between transudates and exudates. In addition, it is useful for differentiating between benign and malignant pleural effusions.

연구 배경: 흉수의 감별을 위해 염증지표로 알려진 procalcitonin과 CRP를 흉수와 혈청에서 각각 측정하여, 삼출액과 여출액의 감별과 삼출성 흉수의 다양한 원인들에 대한 감별에 유용한지 확인하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2005년 10월 1일부터 2006년 9월 30일까지 흉수로 입원하였거나 입원 중에 흉수가 발생하였던 총 198명을 전향적으로 연구하였으며, 원인 질환으로 한 가지의 정확한 진단이 가능하였던 178명을 분석하였다. 악성 흉수 57명, 결핵성 흉수 51명, 부폐렴성 흉수 31명, 농흉 5명, 기타 원인의 양성 흉수 7명과 여출성 흉수 27명이었으며, 대상 환자의 혈청과 흉수에서 procalcitonin과 CRP를 포함한 측정값을 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 흉수 procalcitonin과 CRP는 여출액과 비교하여 삼출액에서 유의한 증가를 보였고, 흉수 CRP가 2.06 mg/dL 이상일 때 특이도 96.3%, 민감도 45.0%로 삼출액을 감별할 수 있었다. 악성 흉수와 비교하였을 때에도 흉수 procalcitonin과 CRP는 양성 흉수에서 유의한 증가를 보였고, 흉수 CRP가 2.28 mg/dL 이상일 때 특이도 86.0%, 민감도 53.2%로, 흉수 procalcitonin이 0.11 ng/mL 이상일 때 특이도 84.2%, 민감도 40.4%로 양성 흉수를 감별할 수 있었다. 또한 흉수 procalcitonin은 비결핵성 흉수에서 유의한 증가를 보였다. 결론: 흉수에서 CRP와 procalcitonin을 측정하는 것은 삼출액과 여출액의 감별뿐 아니라 삼출성 흉수의 다양한 원인들 감별 등에 보조적으로 사용하기에 유용하다.

Keywords

References

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