Verification of Cytotoxicity Against Cancer Cell Line and Estrogen-like Activity of Cheongkukjang

청국장의 암세포주에 대한 세포독성 및 에스트로겐 유사활성 검증

  • Lee, Dong-Geun (Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Medical Life Science, Silla University) ;
  • Lee, Sang-Hyeon (Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Medical Life Science, Silla University)
  • 이동근 (신라대학교 의생명과학대학 제약공학과) ;
  • 이상현 (신라대학교 의생명과학대학 제약공학과)
  • Published : 2007.02.25

Abstract

In order to evaluate the cancer preventive and estrogenic compounds in soybean and Cheongkukjang, MTT assay and in vitro test system for the evaluation of the estrogenic activity were applied. The fractions from the ethanol extract of soybean and Cheongkukjang were prepared by the systematic extraction procedure with the solvents such as hexane, ethyl ether, butanol, methanol and H$_2$O. Ethyl ether fractions of soybean and Cheongkukjang showed the highest cytotoxicity against U937 cell line in dose dependent manner, and ethyl ether fraction of Cheongkukjang showed two times higher cytotoxicity than that of soybean. Aqueous fraction of soybean and ethyl ether fraction of Cheongkukjang revealed the highest estrogenic activity and activity was higher in the fractions of Cheongkukjang than soybean. Mixture of Spirulina and Cheongkukjang showed synergistic activity. These observations concerning cancer preventive and estrogen effects of soybean and Cheongkukjang suggest that these materials possess useful ingredients for the prevention of cancer and/or postmenopausal disorder.

Keywords

References

  1. Shin, H.K. The development of functional food and research trend. Food Sci. and Industry 30:2-13. 1997
  2. Murakami, A., Ohigashi, H. and Koshimizu, K. Anti-tumor promotion with food phytochemicals: a strategy for cancer chemoprevention, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 60:1-8. 1996 https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.60.1
  3. Steinmetz, K.A. and Potter, J.D. Vegetabl, fruit and cancer II mechanism. Cancer Causes Control. 2:427-442, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00054304
  4. Newmark, H.L. Plant phenolics as potential cancer prevention agents. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 401:25-34, 1996
  5. Albertazzi, J.B. and Purdie, D.W. The nature and utility of the phytoestrogens: A review of the evidence. Maturitas. 42:173-185, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5122(02)00024-5
  6. Lissin, L.W. and Cooke, J.P. Phytoestrogens and cardiovascular health. J. Am. Col. Cardiol. 35:1403-1420, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(00)00590-8
  7. Simpkins, J.W., Green, P.S., Gridley, K.E., Singh, M., de Fiebre, N.C. and Rajakumar, G. Role of estrogen replacementtherapy in memory enhancement and the prevention of neuronal loss associated with Alzheimer's disease. Am. J. Med. 103:19S-25S, 1997
  8. Song, Y.S., Jin, C., Jung, K.J. and Park, E.H. Estrogenic effects of ethanol and ether extracts of propolis. J. Ethnopharmacol. 82:89-95, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00159-9
  9. Lee, S.H. Verification of estrogenic activities in ethanol extracts of oriental herbal medicines using in vitro detection system. Kor. J. Orient. Physiol. Pathol. 17:1054-1058, 2003
  10. http://www.dsoh.co.kr/sub/i_01/sub_i_03.asp?page_code=3&num =40&page=1&idx=8
  11. Ryu, S.H. Studies on antioxidative effects and antioxidative components of soybean and Chongkukjang. Doctorial thesis, Inje University of Korea, 23:122, 2002
  12. Shon, M.Y., Kwon, S.H., Park, S.K. and Choi, J.S. Changes in chemical components of black bean Chungkukjang added with kiwi and radish during fermentation. Kor. J. Posthavest Sci. Technol. 8:449-455, 2001
  13. Parada, J.L., de Caire, C.Z., de Mule, M.C.Z. and de Cano, M.M.S. Lactic acid bacteria growth promoters from Spirulina platensis. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 45:225-228, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(98)00151-2
  14. Kim, W.Y. and Park, J.Y. The effect of Spirulina on lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity and immune function in korean elderlies. Kor. J. Nutri. 36:287-297, 2003
  15. Ha, J.M. and Lee, S.H. Verification of estrogenic activity in ethanol extracts of marine organisms using in vitro test system. J. Life. Sci. 13:799-804, 2003 https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2003.13.6.799
  16. Kim, O.S., Choi, J.H., Soung, Y.H., Lee, S.H., Lee, J.H., Ha, JM.. Ha, B.J., Heo, M.-S. and Lee, S.H. Establishment of in vitro test system for the evaluation of the estrogenic activitiesof natural products. Arch. Pharm. Res. 27:906-911, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02975841
  17. Michael, C.A., Dominic, A.S. and Anue, M. Feasibility of drug screening with panels of human tumor cell lines using a microculture tetrazolium assay, Cancer Res. 48:589-595, 1998
  18. Kwak, C.S., Kim, M.Y., Kim, S.A. and Lee, M.S. Cytotoxicity on human cancer cells and antitumorigenesis of chungkookjang, a fermented soybean product, in DMBA-treated rats. Kor. J. Nutri. 39:347-356, 2006
  19. Kwon, H.Y, Kim, Y.S., Kwon, G.S. and Sohn, H.Y. Isolation of immuno-stimulating strain Bacillus pumilus JB-1 from chungkook-jang and fermentaional characteristics of JB-1. Kor. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 32:291-296, 2004
  20. Wang, C.T., Ji, B.P., Li, B., Nout, R., Li, P.L., Ji, H. and Chen, L.F. Purification and characterization of a fibrinolytic enzyme of Bacillus subtilis DC33, isolated from Chinese traditional Douchi. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 33:750-758, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10295-006-0111-6
  21. Saeki, T and Nikaido, T. Evaluations of saponin properties of HPLC analysis of Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC. Yakugaku Zasshi. 123:431-441, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.123.431