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A Study on Quality Characteristics of Sourdough Breads with Addition of Red Yeast Rice

홍국(Red Yeast Rice)을 이용한 Sourdough Bread의 품질특성 연구

  • 이재훈 (경희대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 곽은정 (경희대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김지상 (경희대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이광석 (경희대학교 조리과학과) ;
  • 이영순 (경희대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2007.06.30

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of red yeast rice addition on the physical characteristics of sourdough starters ($SD1{\sim}4$) and the quality characteristics of sourdough bread (CSB, $SDB1{\sim}3$). Moisture contents of red yeast rice, wheat flour, and rye flour were 6.15, 12.53, and 8.56%; ash contents were 0.15, 0.44, and 1.64%; protein contents were 7.30, 12.57, and 11.18%; crude lipid contents were 0.97, 1.16, and 2.49%, respectively. The pH decreased with increasing red yeast rice addition. Reducing sugar and total sugar increased with increasing red yeast rice addition. Lactic acid bacteria were not detected from 0 day for all samples and was maximum on the 2nd day. The yeast counts of SD1 were not detected from $0{\sim}4th$ day, but $SD2{\sim}4$ increased until the 3rd day. Peak time, peak value, and width of tail of CSB were higher than $SDB1{\sim}3$, and they increased with increasing red yeast rice contents of sourdough. The fermentation expansive power of $SDB1{\sim}3$ was higher than that of CSB. Baking loss and specific volume of SDB1 were higher than other samples and when baking loss of CSB and SDB1${\sim}$3 increased, the specific volume increased. L values decreased with increasing red yeast rice contents of sourdough bread whereas, a and b values increased. Springiness and brittleness of CSB and gumminess of SCB1 were lower than other samples. Springiness, brittleness, and gumminess increased with increasing red yeast rice content of sourdough bread. The sensory evaluation indicated that color, hardness, springiness, sweetness, and sourness increased with increasing red yeast rice content of sourdough bread. Aircell non-uniformity of SDB1 was lower than other samples, whereas off-flavor was higher than other samples.

본 연구에서는 홍국의 첨가량을 달리하여 sourdough starter를 전통적 방법으로 제조하고, 발효시간에 따른 sourdough starter의 이화학적 특성을 분석하고, sourdough bread의 texture 특성 및 관능검사를 실시하여 이의 품질특성을 조사하였다. 홍국, 강력분, 호밀분의 수분 함량은 6.15, 12.53, 8.56%로 나타났으며, 회분 함량은 0.15, 0.44, 1.64%로 나타났다. 조지방 함량은 0.97, 1.16, 2.49%로 나타났으며, 조단백질 함량은 7.30, 12.57, 11.18%로 나타났다. 탄수화물 함량은 85.42, 73.29, 76.14%로 나타났다. Sourdough starter의 pH는 모든 시료가 3일까지 저하되었으며, 홍국의 첨가량이 증가할수록 pH는 저하되는 경향을 나타내었다. 환원당과 총당의 경우 SD1은 3일, $SD2{\sim}4$는 1일까지 유의적으로 증가한 후 감소하였으며, 홍국의 첨가량이 증가할수록 높게 나타났다. 젖산균의 균수는 모든 시료들이 0일에서 나타나지 않았고, 2일에서 최대를 나타냈다. 효모의 균수는 SD1이 4일의 발효시간 동안 나타나지 않았으며, $SD2{\sim}4$는 3일까지 증가하였다. Mixograph 측정 결과 peak time, peak value 및 width of tail은 CSB가 가장 높게 나타났으며, $SDB1{\sim}3$은 홍국의 함유량이 증가할수록 낮게 나타났다. 발효 팽창력은 $SDB1{\sim}3$이 CSB보다 크게 나타났으며, 반죽 직후부터 45분간의 발효팽창력은 SDB1, SDB2가 SDB3보다 크게 나타났다. 비용적과 굽기 손실률의 측정 결과 SDB1이 가장 크게 나타났으며, 각각의 시료들은 비용적이 증가할 때 굽기 손실이 비례하여 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 색도의 측정 결과 L값은 CSB가 가장 높은 값을 나타내었으며, 홍국의 함유량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하였다. a값은 CSB가 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었으며, 홍국의 함유량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였다. b값은 CSB가 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었으며, 홍국의 함유량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였다. 물성측정 결과 경도와 응집성은 각 시료들 간의 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 탄력성과 부서짐성은 CSB가 가장 낮았으며, 홍국의 함유량이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 점착성은 SDB1이 가장 낮았으며, 홍국의 함유량이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 관능검사 결과 기공의 균일성은 SDB1이 가장 균일한 것으로 나타났으며, 색은 홍국의 함유량이 증가할수록 높게 나타났다. 경도, 탄력성, 단맛 및 신맛 등은 홍국 함유량이 증가할수록 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이취는 SDB1이 가장 적게 나는 것으로 나타났으며, 전반적인 기호도는 SDB1이 가장 높았다. 따라서 홍국을 10% 첨가한 sourdough starter를 3일 동안 발효한 후 반죽에 첨가하여 sourdough bread를 제조할 때 품질이 가장 우수한 제품을 얻을 수 있었다.

Keywords

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