DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Antihypertensive Effects of Enantiomers of Amlodipine Camsylate, a Novel Salt of Amlodipine

  • Oh, Kwang-Seok (Center for drug discovery technology, Korea Research Institute of chemical Technology) ;
  • Kim, Maeng-Sup (Central Research Institute, Hanmi Pharm Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Lee, Byung-Ho (Center for drug discovery technology, Korea Research Institute of chemical Technology)
  • Published : 2007.03.30

Abstract

The vascular relaxant effects on isolated rat aorta of amlodipine camsylates (S-, R-enantiomer, and R/S-racemate), were evaluated and compared with that of S-amlodipine besylate. Furthermore, antihypertensive effects were measured in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). The S-amlodipine camsylate concentration-dependently inhibited $Ca^{2+}$-induced contraction of rat aorta with a very slow onset of action (reached its maximum at 3.5h; $ED_{50}:\;1.50\;{\pm}\;0.24$ nM), having a potency 2-fold higher than those of R/S-amlodipine camsylate $(ED_{50}:\;3.36\;{\pm}\;0.91\;nM)$ and similar to those of S-amlodipine besylate $(ED_{50}:\;1.44\;{\pm}\;0.14\;nM)$, whereas the R-amlodipine camsylate has 590-fold lower vasorelaxant activity $(ED_{50}:\;886.4\;{\pm}\;49.7\;nM)$. In SHR, orally administered S-amlodipine camsylate produced a dose-dependent and long-lasting (>>10 h) antihypertensive effect $(ED_{20}:\;0.89\;mg/kg)$, with a potency 2-fold higher than those of R/S-amlodipine camsylate $(ED_{20}:\;1.82\;mg/kg)$ and similar to those of S-amlodipine besylate $(ED_{20}:\;0.71\;mg/kg)$. In contrast, the R-amlodipine camsylate has no effect even-though administrated high concentration 10 mg/kg. These results suggest that S-amlodipine camsylate has the potency and long-lasting antihypertensive activity as single enantiomer drug, and its antihypertensive effect is not significantly different to that of S-amlodipine besylate.

Keywords

References

  1. Abernethy, D. R. (1989). The pharmacokinetic profile of amlodipine. Am. Heart J. 118, 1100-1103 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(89)90834-X
  2. Arrowsmith, J. E., Campbell, S. F., Cross, P. E., Stubbs, J. K., Burges, R. A., Gardiner, D. G. and Blackburn, K. J. (1986). Long-acting dihydropyridine calcium antagonists. 1. 2-Alkoxymethyl derivatives incorporating basic substituents. J. Med. Chem. 29, 1696-1702 https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00159a022
  3. Beresford, A. P., McGibney, D., Humphrey, M. J., Macrae, P. V. and Stopher, D. A. (1988). Metabolism and kinetics of amlodipine in man. Xenobiotica. 18, 245-254 https://doi.org/10.3109/00498258809041660
  4. Burges, R. A., Gardiner, D. G., Gwilt, M., Higgins, A. J., Blackburn, K. J., Campbell, S. F., Cross, P. E. and Stubbs, J. K. (1987). Calcium channel blocking properties of amlodipine in vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle in vitro: evidence for voltage modulation of vascular dihydropyridine receptors. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 9, 110-119
  5. Burke, D. and Henderson, D. J. (2002). Chirality: a blueprint for the future. Br. J. Anaesth. 88, 563-576 https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/88.4.563
  6. Dodd, M. G., Gardiner, D. G., Carter, A. J., Sutton, M. R. and Burges, R. A. (1989). The hemodynamic properties of amlodipine in anesthetised and conscious dogs: comparison with nitrendipine and influence of beta-adrenergic blockade. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. 3, 545-555 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01865514
  7. Goldmann, S., Stoltefuss, J. and Born, L. (1992). Determination of the absolute configuration of the active amlodipine enantiomer as (-)-S: a correction. J. Med. Chem. 35, 3341-3344 https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00096a005
  8. Lee, B. H., Seo, H. W., Kwon, K. J., Yoo, S. E. and Shin, H. S. (1999). In vivo pharmacologic profile of SK-1080, an orally active nonpeptide AT1-receptor antagonist. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 33, 375-382 https://doi.org/10.1097/00005344-199903000-00005
  9. Lee, B. H., Seo, H. W., Yoo, S. E., Kim, S. O., Lim, H. and Shin, H. S. (2001). Differential action of KR-31378, a novel potassium channel activator, on cardioprotective and hemodynamic effects. Drug Dev. Res. 54, 182-190 https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.10028
  10. Lee, B. H., Yoo, S. E. and Shin, H. S. (1998). Hemodynamic profile of SKP-450, a new potassium-channel activator. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 31, 85-94 https://doi.org/10.1097/00005344-199801000-00013
  11. Lee, J. (2006). S-(-)-Amlodipine camsylate or hydrate thereof and pharmaceutical composition containing salt. KP2006-0068401 (in application)
  12. Meredith, P. A. and Elliott, H. L. (1992). Clinical pharmacokinetics of amlodipine. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 22, 22-31 https://doi.org/10.2165/00003088-199222010-00003
  13. Park, J. Y., Kim, K. A., Lee, G. S., Park, P.W., Kim, S. L., Lee, Y. S., Lee, Y. W. and Shin, E. K. (2004). Randomized, open-label, two-period crossover comparison of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of two amlodipine formulations in healthy adult male Korean subjects. Clin. Ther. 26, 715-723 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2918(04)90071-9
  14. Park, J. Y., Kim, K. A., Park, P. W., Lee, O. J., Ryu, J. H., Lee, G. H., Ha, M. C., Kim, J. S., Kang, S. W. and Lee, K. R. (2006). Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of a new S-amlodipine formulation in healthy Korean male subjects: a randomized, open-label, two-period, comparative, crossover study. Clin Ther. 28, 1837-1847 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2006.11.008
  15. Rentsch, K. M. (2002). The importance of stereoselective determination of drugs in the clinical laboratory. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods. 54, 1-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-022X(02)00124-0
  16. Shin, H. S., Seo, H. W., Yoo, S. E. and Lee, B. H. (1998). Cardiovascular pharmacology of SKP-450, a new potassium channel activator, and its major metabolites SKP-818 and SKP-310. Pharmacology 56, 111-124 https://doi.org/10.1159/000028188
  17. Spargo, P. L. (1995). Separation of the enantiomers of amlodipine via their diastereomeric tartrates. WO9525722
  18. Tucker, G. T. (2000). Chiral switches. Lancet. 355, 1085-1087 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02047-X
  19. Walker, D. K., Humphrey, M. J. and Smith, D. A. (1994). Importance of metabolic stability and hepatic distribution to the pharmacokinetic profile of amlodipine. Xenobiotica. 24, 243-250 https://doi.org/10.3109/00498259409043236
  20. Yamanaka, K., Suzuki, M., Munehasu, S. and Ishiko, J. (1991). Antihypertensive effects of amlodipine, a new calcium antagonist. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 97, 115-126 https://doi.org/10.1254/fpj.97.2_115
  21. Zhang, X. P., Loke, K. E., Mital, S., Chahwala, S. and Hintze, T. H. (2002). Paradoxical release of nitric oxide by an L-type calcium channel antagonist, the R+ enantiomer of amlodipine. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 39, 208-214 https://doi.org/10.1097/00005344-200202000-00007