Journal of Nutrition and Health

  • 제40권2호
  • /
  • Pages.118-129
  • /
  • 2007
  • /
  • 2288-3886(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2288-3959(eISSN)
한국영양학회 (The Korean Nutrition Society)
권호 표지

L-Carnitine의 수준이 다른 Lysine 제한식이 섭취가 비만유도 성숙쥐의 체중과 지질대사에 미치는 영향

Effect of Lysine-Limited Diets Containing Different Levels of L-Carnitine on Body Weight and Lipid Metabolism in Obesity-Induced Adult Rats

  • 김자경 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김미경 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Kim, Ja-Kyung (Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Kim, Mi-Kyung (Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, Ewha Womans University)
  • 발행 : 2007.03.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

This study was performed to investigate the effect of lysine-limited diets containing different levels of L-carnitine on body weight and lipid metabolism in obesity-induced adult rats. Eight-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 90) were raised for one month with high fat diet (40% fat as calorie) to induce obesity. After induction of obesity, rats weighing 739.5 g were randomly blocked into three groups according to the body weight and raised for eight weeks with control diet (Co), 50% lysine-limited diet (-L), 50% lysine limitation with 0.3% pivalate diet (-L + P). Each of three groups was allotted to 0.0% L-carnitine (0.0% CT), 0.5% L-carnitine (0.5% CT) and 2.5% L-carnitine (2.5% CT) groups, respectively. The levels of AST, ALT, total protein and albumin in plasma were within the normal range. Daily food intake and calorie intake tended to be lower in 2.5% CT groups than those of other groups regardless lysine limitation or pivalate intake. And body weight gain and calorie efficiency ratio (weight gain (g) /calorie intake (100 kcal)) were significantly the lowest in 2.5% CT groups among all experimental groups regardless of lysine limitation or pivalate intake. The weights of perirenal, epididymal fat pads and brown adipose tissue in 2.5% CT groups were significantly lower than 0.0% CT groups. Plasma total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol concentrations in all groups were not significant by experimental compound. HDL-cholesterol concentrations in -L + P +2.5% CT group were highest in -L + P groups. Levels of hepatic total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol in 2.5% CT groups were tend to be lower those than in 0.0% CT groups regardless of dietary lysine limitation and pivalate intake. Fecal total lipid excretions of 2.5% CT groups were significantly lower than in 0.0% CT groups in all experimental groups. But fecal triglyceride excretions of 2.5% CT groups were significantly higher than 0.0% CT groups regardless of lysine limitation and pivalate. In conclusion, there was no difference on body weight and lipid metabolism by dietary lysine limitation and pivalate intake. And feeding of 2.5% L-carnitine was more effective than feeding of 0.5% L-carnitine and 0.0% L-carnitine in reduction of body weight, body fat and lipid metabolism.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Ministry of Health and Welfare. 2001 National health and nutrition survey, overview, 2002
  2. Ministry of Health and Welfare. 2005 National health and nutrition survey, overview, 2006
  3. Lee HS, So YH. The Effects of Diet Effect on Diet Practice Extent in College Students. J Sports Leisure Studies 25: 419-429, 2005
  4. Tanphaichitr V, Broquist HP. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. Volume 248, 1973: Role of lysine and epsilon-n-trimethyllysine in carnitine biosynthesis II. Studies in the rat. Nutr Rev 46(4): 164-166, 1988 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1988.tb05413.x
  5. Haigler HT, Broquist HP. Carnitine synthesis in rat tissue slices. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 56(3): 676-681, 1974 https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(74)90658-5
  6. Cederblad G, Holm J, Lindstedt G, Lindstedt S, Nordis I, Schersten T. Gamma-Butyrobetaine hydroxylase activity in human and ovine liver and skeletal muscle tissue. FEBS Letters 98(1): 57-66, 1979 https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(79)80151-9
  7. Alison S, Janos K, Charles LH. Carnitine: a nutritional, biosynthetic and functional perspective. Mol Asp Med 25: 455-473, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mam.2004.06.006
  8. Jogl G, Hsiao YS, Tong L. Structure and function of carnitine acyltransferases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1033: 17-29, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1320.002
  9. Platell C, Kong SE, McCauley R, Hall JC. Branched-chain amino acids. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 15: 706-717, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1746.2000.02205.x
  10. Chung EJ, Um YS, Cha YS, Park TS. Effects of short-term supplementation of carnitine on plasma and urinary carnitine and plasma lipid levels of health male adults. Korean Nurs Soc 36(7): 720- 728, 2003
  11. Kim HT, Lee H, Kim WS, Kim DJ, Ahn ES, Ahn EN, Son TY. Exercise and L-carnitine. Korean J Exer Nutr 5(1): 1-12, 2001
  12. Maebashi M, Imamura A, Yoshinaga K. Effect of aging on lipid and carnitine metabolism. J Exp Med 138: 231-236, 1982
  13. Maccari F, Arseni A, Chiodi P, Ramacci T, Angelucci L. Levels of carnitines in brain and other tissues of rats of different ages: effect of acetyl-L-carnitine administration. Exp Gerontol 25: 127- 134, 1990 https://doi.org/10.1016/0531-5565(90)90043-2
  14. Yasikazu T, Susaki R, Fukui F, Waki H, et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine supplementation restores decreased tissue carnitine levels and impaired lipid metabolism in aged rats. J Lipid Res 45: 729-735, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M300425-JLR200
  15. Horne DW, Tanphaichitr V, Broquist HP. Role of lysine in carnitine biosynthesis in Neurospora crassa. J Biol Chem 246: 4373- 4375, 1971
  16. Borum PR, Broquist HD. Lysine deficiency and carnitine in male and female rats. J Nutr 107: 1209-1215, 1977 https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/107.7.1209
  17. Aoyama Y, Kondo H, Ashida K. Lipid accumulation in the liver of rats fed a lysine-deficient diet. Nutr Rep Int 14: 641-655, 1976
  18. Mokady S, Einav P. Effect of dietary wheat gluten on lipid metabolism in growing rats. Nutr Metab 22: 181-190, 1978 https://doi.org/10.1159/000176194
  19. Melegh B, Kerner J, Beiber L. Pivampicillin-promoted excretion of pivaloylcarnitine in humans. Biochem Pharmacol 36: 3405- 3409, 1987 https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(87)90318-2
  20. Holme E, Greter J, Jacobson CE, et al. Carnitine deficiency induced by pivampicillin and pivmecillinam therapy. Lancet 2: 469- 473, 1989
  21. Fujii R, Chiba S, Numazaki K, et al. Effect of cefditoren pivoxil on carnitine metabolism in pediatric patients. Jpn J Antibiot 46 (10): 926-937, 1993
  22. Fujii R, Sunakawa K, et al. Safety and carnitine status after oral administration of S-1108 to pediatric patients. Chemotherapy 41: 655-665, 1993
  23. Bianchi PB, Davis AT. Sodium pivalate treatment reduces tissue carnitine and enhances ketosis in rats. J Nutr 121: 2029-2036, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/121.12.2029
  24. Broderick TL, Christos S, Wolf BA, DiDomenico D, Shug A, Paulson D. Fatty acid oxidation and cardiac function in the sodium pivalate model of secondary carnitine deficiency. Metab 44: 499-505, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0495(95)90058-6
  25. Nakajima H, Kodo N, Inoue F, Kizaki Z, Nukina S, et al. Pivalate affects carnitine status but causes no severe metabolic changes in rat liver. J Nutr 126: 1683-1687, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/126.6.1683
  26. Park JY, Kim MK. Effect of feeding garcinia cambogia extract (HCA) and/or L-carnitine and exercise on body weight in rats. Korean Nutrition Soc 38(8): 637-648, 2005
  27. Feng Y, Guo C, Wei J, Yang J, Ge Y, Gao L. Necessity of carnitine supplementation in semistarved rats a high-fat diet. Nutrition 17: 628-631, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-9007(01)00601-3
  28. Frings CS, Dunn RT. A colorimetric method for determination of total serum lipids based on the sulforic-phospho-vanillin reaction. Am J Clin Nutr 53(1): 89-91, 1970
  29. Bligh EG, Dyer WJ. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol 37: 911-917, 1959 https://doi.org/10.1139/y59-099
  30. Rahman SM, Wang YM, Yostumoto H, Cha JY, Han JY, Inoue S, Yanagita T. Effects of conjugated linolenic acid on serum leptin concentration, body-fat accumulation, and ${\beta}-oxidation$ of fatty acid in oletf rats. Nutrition 17: 385-390, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-9007(00)00584-0
  31. Ikeda K, Cha JY, Yanagita T, Makatani N, Oogami K, Imaizumi K, Yazawa K. Effects of dietary ${\alpha}$-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and dicisahexaenoic acids on hepatic lipogenesis and ${\beta}$-oxidation in rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 62(4): 675-680, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.62.675
  32. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193: 265-275, 1951
  33. Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition. Handbook of experiments in food science and nutrition-Nutrition, pp.655-676, Hyoil, 2000
  34. Alessandro L, Michael MM, Tad R, Zhong JY, Lee J. Beverly. Carnitine supplementation accelerates normalization of food intake depressed during TPN. Physiol Behav 60(1): 317-320, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(95)02215-5
  35. Siram K, Pinchrofsky G, Kaminski MV. Suppression of appetite by parenteral nutrition in humans. J Am Coll Nutr 3: 317-323, 1984 https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1984.10720055
  36. Villani RG, Gannon J, et al. L-carnitine supplementation combined with aerobic training dose not promote weight loss in moderately obese women. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 10: 199-207, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.10.2.199
  37. Clouet P, Sempore G, Tsoko M. Effect of short- and long-term treatments by a low level of dietary L-carnitine on parameters related to fatty acid oxidation in Wistar rat. Biochim Biophys Acta 1299(2): 191-197, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2760(95)00206-5
  38. Corrina B, Klaus E. Effect of L-carnitine on weight loss and body composition of rats fed a hypocaloric diet. Ann Nutr Metab 46: 205-210, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1159/000065408
  39. Matera M, Bellinghier G, Costantino G, Santoro D, Calvani M, Savica V. History of L-carnitine; implications for renal disease. J Ren Nutr 13: 2-14, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1053/jren.2003.50010
  40. Madore F. The clinical epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases in chronic kidney disease. Semin Dial 16: 148-156, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-139X.2003.16031.x
  41. Argani H, Rahbaninouber M, Ghorbanihagjo A, Golmohammadi Z, Rashtchizadeh N. Effect of L-carnitine on the serum lipoproteins and HDL-C subclasses in hemodialysis patients. Nephron Clin Pract 101: C174-C179, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1159/000087411
  42. Elisaf M, Bairaktari E, Katapodis K, Pappas M, Sferopoulos G, Tzallas C, et al. Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on lipid parameters in hemodialysis patients. Am J Nephrol 18: 416-421, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1159/000013386
  43. Gloggler A, Bulla M, et al. Effect of low dose supplementation of L-carnitine on lipid metabolism in hemodialyzed children. Kidney Int Suppl 27: S256-S258, 1989
  44. Raymond TL, Reynolds SA, Swanson JA, Patnode CA, Bell FP. The effect of oral L-carnitine on lipoprotein in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit (Oyctolagus cuniculus). Comp Biochem Physiol 88A: 503-506, 1987
  45. Seccombe DW, James L, Hahn P, Jones E. L-carnitine treatment in the hyperlipidemic rabbit. Metab 36: 1192-1196, 1987 https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0495(87)90247-2
  46. Muller DM, Seim H, Kiess W, Loster H, Richer T. Effects of oral L-carnitine supplementation on in vivo long-chain fatty acid oxidation in health adults. Metab 51(11): 1389-1391, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1053/meta.2002.35181
  47. Rauchova H, Dobesova Z, Drahota Z, Zicha J, Kunes J. The effect of chronic L-carnitine treatment on blood pressure and plasma lipids in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Eur J Pharmacol 342: 235-239, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(97)01505-7
  48. Marccarri F, Pessotto N, Ramacci MT, Angelucci L. The effect of exogenous L-carnitine on fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in the rat. Life Sci 36: 1967-1975, 1985 https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(85)90446-1
  49. Janos K, Charles H. Fatty acid import into mitochondria. Biochem Biophys Acta 1486: 1-17, 2000
  50. Yoon HR, Hong YM, Boriack RL, Bennett MJ. Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on cardiac carnitine palmitoyltransferase activities and plasma carnitine concentrations in adriamycin-treated rats. Pediatr Res 53: 788-792, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1203/01.PDR.0000057988.62605.13