References
- Alegre, M., C. J. Ciudad, C. Fillat, and J. J. Gulnovant. 1988. Determination of glucose-6-phosphatase activity using the glucose dehydrogenase-coupled reaction. Anal. Biochem. 173: 185-189 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(88)90176-5
- American Diabetes Association. 1998. Consensus development conference on insulin resistance. Diabetes Care 21: 310- 312 https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.21.2.310
- American Institute of Nutrition. 1977. Report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc committee on standards for nutritional studies. J. Nutr. 107: 1340-1348 https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/107.7.1340
- American Institute of Nutrition. 1980. Report of ad hoc committee on standards for nutritional studies. J. Nutr. 110: 1717-1726 https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/110.8.1717
- Avandia [package insert]. 1999. SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, Pa
- Bentle, L. A. and H. A. Lardy. 1976. Interaction of anions and divalent metal ions with phosphopyruvate carboxykinase. J. Biol. Chem. 251: 2916-2921
- Bradford, M. M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72: 248- 254 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
- Chang, M. S., M. S. Oh, D. R. Kim, K. J. Jung, S. M. Park, S. B. Choi, B. S. Ko, and S. K. Park. 2006. Effects of Okchun-San, a herbal formulation, on blood glucose levels and body weight in a model of type 2 diabetes. J. Ethnopharmacol. 103: 491-495 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.039
- Davidsion, A. L. and W. J. Arion. 1987. Factors underlying significant underestimations of glucokinase activity in crude liver extracts: Physiological implications of higher cellular activity. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 253: 156-167 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(87)90648-5
- Davis, G. F., R. L. Khandelwal, L. Wu, B. H. Juurlink, and W. J. Roesler. 2001. Inhibition of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene expression by troglitazone: A peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma)-independent, antioxidant-related mechanism. Biochem. Pharmacol. 62: 1071-1079 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(01)00764-X
- Dcrmlim, W., P. Prasertsan, and H. Doelle. 1999. Screening and characterization of bioflocculant produced by isolated Klebsiella sp. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechol. 52: 698-703 https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530051581
- Defronzo, R. A. 1988. The triumvirate; beta-cell, muscle, liver. A collusion responsible for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 37: 667-687 https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.37.6.667
- Deng, S. B., R. B. Bai, X. M. Hu, and Q. Luo. 2003. Characteristics of a bioflocculant produced by Bacillus mucilaginosus and its use in starch wastewater treatment. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechol. 60: 588-593 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-002-1159-5
- Dora, R. F. 1996. Diabetes mellitus, pp. 613-641. In L. A. Kaplan and J. P. Amadeo (eds.), Clinical Chemistry. Mosby- Year Book, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A
- Fujita, M., M. Ike, J. H. Jang, S. M. Kim, and T. Hirao. 2001. Bioflocculation production from lower-molecular fatty acids as a novel strategy for utilization of sludge digestion liquor. Water Sci. Technol. 144: 237-243
- Guignot, L. and G. Mithieux. 1999. Mechanisms by which insulin, associated or not with glucose, many inhibit hepatic glucose production in the rat. Am. J. Physiol. 277: E984- E989
- He, P., S. S. Davis, and L. Illum. 1998. In vitro evaluation of mucoadhesive properties of chitosan microspheres. Int. J. Pharm. 166: 75-88 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5173(98)00027-1
- Hornbrook, K. R. 1970. Synthesis of liver glycogen in starved alloxan diabetic rat. Diabetes 19: 916-923 https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.19.12.916
- Hulcher, F. H. and W. H. Oleson. 1973. Simplified spectrophotometric assay for microsomal 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl CoA reductase by measurement of coenzyme A. J. Lipid Res. 14: 625-631
- Hummel, K. P., M. W. Dickie, and D. L. Coleman. 1966. Diabetes, new mutation in the mouse. Science 153: 1127- 1128 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.153.3740.1127
- Jang, J. H., M. Ike, S. M. Kim, and M. Fujita. 2001. Production of a novel bioflocculant by fed-batch culture of Citrobacter sp. Biotechnol. Lett. 23: 593-597 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010312607171
- Jeon, C. 2005. Mercury ion removal using a packed-bed column with granular aminated chitosan. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 15: 497-501
- Jovanovic, L. and C. M. Peterson. 1981. The clinical utility of glycosylated hemoglobin. Am. J. Med. 70: 331-338 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(81)90770-1
- King, H., R. Aubert, and W. Herman. 1998. Global burden of diabetes, 1995-2025. Prevalence, numerical estimates and projections. Diabetes Care 21: 1414-1431
-
Koji, H. and I. Mikio. 2002. Antidiabetic action of low molecular weight chitosan in genetically obese diabetic
$KKA^y$ mice. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 25: 188-192 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.25.188 - Krishnamurti, U. and M. W. Steffes. 2001. Glycohemoglobin: A primary predictor of the development or reversal of complications of diabetes mellitus. Clin. Chem. 47: 1157- 1165
- Kurane, R., K. Toeda, and T. Suzuku. 1986. Culture conditions for production of microbial flocculant by Rhodococcus erythropolis. Agric. Biol. Chem. 50: 2309-2313 https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.50.2309
- Kwon, Y. D., S. Y. Lee, and P. Kim. 2006. Influence of gluconeogenic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK) expression on succinic acid fermentation in Escherichia coli under high bicarbonate condition. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 16: 1448-1452
- Kyotani, S., Y. Nishioka, T. Okamura, T. Tanaka, M. Miyazaki, and S. Tanada. 1992. A study of embolizing materials for chemo-embolization therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: Antitumor effect of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) albumin microspheres, containing chitin and treated with chitosan on rabbits with VX2 hepatic tumors. Pharm. Bull. 40: 2814- 2816 https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.40.2814
- Lehmann, J. M., L. B. Moore, T. A. Smith-Oliver, et al. 1995. An antidiabetic thiazolidinedione is a high affinity ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma). J. Biol. Chem. 270: 12953-12956 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.270.22.12953
- Lehoux, J. G. and F. Grondin. 1993. Some effects of chitosan on liver function in the rat. Endocrinology 132: 1078-1084 https://doi.org/10.1210/en.132.3.1078
- Lehr, C., J. A. Bouwatra, E. H. Schacht, and H. E. Junginer. 1992. In vitro evaluation of mucoadhesive properties of chitosan and some other natural polymers. Int. J. Pharm. 76: 43-49
- Lynedjian, P. B., A. Gjinovci, and A. E. Renold. 1988. Stimulation by insulin of glucokinase gene transcription in liver of diabetic rats. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 740-744
- Migliorini, R. H. 1971. Early changes in the levels of liver glycolytic enzymes after total pancreatectomy in the rat. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 244: 125-128 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(71)90128-0
- Mima, S., M. Miya, R. Iwamoto, and S. Yoshikawa. 1983. Highly deacetylated chitosan and its properties. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 28: 1909-1917 https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1983.070280607
- Miura, T., M. Usami, Y. Tsuura, H. Ishida, and Y. Seino. 1995. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of chitosan in normal and neonatal streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 18: 1623-1625 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.18.1623
- Murata, J., I. Saiki, T. Makabe, Y. Tsuta, S. Tokura, and I. Azuma. 1999. Inhibition of tumor-induced angiogenesis by sulfated chitin derivatives. Cancer Res. 51: 22-26
- Oh, H. M., S. J. Lee, M. H. Park, H. S. Kim, H. C. Kim, J. H. Yoon, G. S. Kwon, and B. D. Yoon. 2001. Harvesting of Chlorella vulgaris using a bioflocculant from Paenibacillus sp. AM49. Biotechnol. Lett. 23: 1229-1234 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010577319771
- Reaven, G. M. 1997. Banting lecture. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Nutrition 13: 64-66
- Saltiel, A. R. and J. M. Olefsky. 1996. Thiazolidinediones in the treatment of insulin resistance and type II diabetes. Diabetes 45: 1661-1669 https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.45.12.1661
- Seifter, S., S. Dayton, B. Novic, and E. Muntwyler. 1950. The estimation of glycogen with the anthrone reagent. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 50: 191-200
- Son, M. K., H. D. Shin, T. L. Huh, J. H. Jang, and Y. H. Lee. 2005. Novel cationic microbial polyglucosamine biopolymer from new Enterobacter sp. BL-2 and its bioflocculation efficacy. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 15: 626-632
- Spiegelman, B. M. 1998. PPAR-gamma: Adipogenic regulator and thiazolidinedione receptor. Diabetes 47: 507- 514 https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.47.4.507
- Park, S. A., M. S. Choi, M. J. Kim, U. J. Jung, H. J. Kim, and M. K. Lee. 2006. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic action of Du-zhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) leaves water extract in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. J. Ethnopharmacol. 107: 412-417 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.034
- Park, S. A., M. S. Choi, S. Y. Cho, J. S. Seo, and M. K. Lee. 2006. Genistein and daidzein modulate hepatic glucose and lipid regulating enzyme activities in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. Life Sci. 79: 1207-1213 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2006.03.022
- Toeda, K. and R. Kurane. 1991. Microbial flocculant from Alcalgenes cupidus KT 201. Agric. Biol. Chem. 55: 2663- 2664 https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.55.2663
- Valera, A. and F. Bosch. 1994. Glucokinase expression in rat hepatoma cells induces glucose uptake and is rate limiting in glucose utilization. Eur. J. Biochem. 222: 533-539 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18895.x
- Watanebe, M., Y. Suzuki, K. Sasaki, Y. Nakashimada, and N. Nishio. 1999. Flocculating property of extracellular polymeric substance derived from a marine photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodovulum sp. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 87: 625-629 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389-1723(99)80125-X
- Whitmore, F. A. 1992. A hemagglutinating substance in chitin. Biotechniques 12: 202-207
- Whitton, P. D. and D. A. Hems. 1975. Glycogen synthesis in the perfused liver of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Biochem. J. 150: 153-165 https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1500153
- Wu, Z. H., Q. N. Ping, W. E. I. Yi, and J. M. Lai. 2004. Hypoglycemic efficacy of chitosan-coated insulin liposomes after oral administration in mice. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 25: 966-972
- Yokoi, H., T. Aratake, J. Hirose, S. Hayashi, and Y. Takasaki. 2001. Simultaneous production of hydrogen and bioflocculant by Enterbacter sp. BY-29. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 17: 609-631 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012463508364
- Yoon, S. H., K. J. Song, S. J. Go, and J. C. Ryu. 1998. Production of biopolymer flocculant by Bacillus subtillis TB-11. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 8: 606-612
- Young, P. W., D. R. Buckle, B. C. Cantello, and S. A. Smith. 1998. Idendification of high affinity binding sites for the insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone (BRL-49653) in rodent and human adipocytes using a radioiodinated ligand for peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor gamma. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 284: 751-759
- Yu, K. W., K. S. Shin, Y. M. Choi, and H. J. Suh. 2004. Macrophage stimulating activity of exo-biopolymer from submerged culture of Lentinus edodes with rice bran. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 14: 658-664
- Zacour, A. C., M. E. Silva, P. R. Cecon, E. A. Bambirra, and E. C. Vieira. 1992. Effect of dietary chitin on cholesterol absorption and metabolism in rats. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 38: 609-613 https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.38.609