Abstract
The major fungal diseases which effecting garlic storage are blue mold and dry rot, caused by Penicillium hirsutum and Fusarium oxysporum, respectively. In order to reduce the damage by the pathogenic fungi, here we report the effects of 11 fungicides tested to reduce spoilage during storage of garlics. In the in vitro antimicrobial activity test, the fungicides, diphenylamine, prochloraz and tebuconazole showed 0.3, 2.2, and 1.3 nun inhibition zone to F. oxysporium, and cyprodinil, diphenylamine, fenbuconazole, hexaconazole, penconazole, prochloraz, propiconazole, pyrimethanil and tebuconazole exhibited 0.2, 2.4, 0.8, 0.4, 1.2, 1.5, 1.2, 0.4 and 1.5 mm to P. hirsutum, respectively. To test the in vivo control effect, when the diphenylamine, prochloraz, and tebuconazole were treated by standard concentration, the fungal mycelium of F. oxysporium started to grow 5 days after inoculation, and 80, 63.3 and 83.3% of the inoculated cloves are infected 11 days after inoculation. When the tebuconazole were treated by standard concentration, the P. hirsutum was completely inhibited the growth of the fungi. In case of diphenylamine, penconazole and propiconazole treatment, the P. hirsutum was observed 7 days after inoculation and $20{\sim}23.3%$ of the cloves were infected 11 days after inoculation. When cyprodinil, prochloraz and pyrimethanil were treated, pathogens occurred 5 days after inoculation and $60{\sim}100%$ of the cloves infected 11 days after inoculation. Three fungicides such as diphenylamine, prochloraz and tebuconazole also suppressed remarkably the infection and growth of F. oxysporium and P. hirsutum on garlic when both of the pathogens are inoculated after the garlic cloves were dipped for 10 min in the suspension of each agrochemical. Overall, diphenylamine, prochloraz and tebuconazole showed effective control efficacy on dry rot and blue mold There was significant correlation between in vitro and in vivo assay in diphenylamine and prochloraz to F. oxysporum and cyprodinil, prochloraz and pyrimethanil to P. hirsutum.
마늘 저장중의 부패를 일으키는 주요 진균인 푸른곰팡이병균(Penicillium hirsutum)과 마름썩음병균(Fusarium oxysporum)의 생장을 억제하는 농약을 선발하고자 살균제 11종을 선정하여 균사생육억제시험과 접종시험을 수행하였다. 균사생육억제 정도와 마늘인편에서의 발병 억제 효과를 비교하기 위하여 시험약제를 처리한 후 병원균을 접종하여 병 발생정도를 조사한 결과, F. oxysporium에 대하여는 diphenylamine, prochloraz와 tebuconazole을 처리한 구에서는 초기에 발병이 현저히 억제되었으며, 기준량 처리시 접종 5일후 부터 병 발생이 시작되어 11일 후에는 $73.3{\sim}100%$ 발생하였다. P. hirsutum의 경우 cyprodinil, prochloraz 및 pyrimethanil을 기준농도 처리한 구에서 접종 5일 후부터 발병하였으며, diphenylamine, penconazole 및 propiconazole 처리구에서는 7일 후부터 발병하여 11일 후에는 $20{\sim}100%$ 정도 발생되었으나 tebuconazole 처리구에서는 병 발생이 되지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 diphenylamins, prochloraz와 tebuconazole 이 마름썩음병 및 푸른곰팡이병의 방제에 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었으며, 약제별 방제가와 균총의 생육억제에 대한 상관분석결과, F. oxysporum에 대하여는 diphenylamine과 prochloraz가 높은 상관관계가 있었고, P. hirsutum에 대하여는 cyprodinil, prochloraz와 pyrimethanil이 높은 상관관계를 유지하였다.
