Biomolecules & Therapeutics

The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology (한국응용약물학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Neuroprotective and Antioxidant Effects of the Butanol Fraction Prepared from Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten

  • Cho, Jung-Sook (Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dongguk University) ;
  • Han, Chang-Kyun (Life Science Research Center, SK Chemicals) ;
  • Lee, Yong-Sup (College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Jin, Chang-Bae (Division of Life Sciences, Korea Institute of Science & Technology)
  • Published : 2007.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The fruits and stems of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten have been reported to exhibit a variety of pharmacological actions, including antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcer effects. In the present study, we evaluated effects of the butanol fraction (SK OFB901) prepared from the 50% ethanol extract of the stems on various types of neuronal injuries induced by oxidative stress, excitotoxins, and amyloid ${\beta}\;(A_{\beta})$ in primary cultured rat cortical cells. Its antioxidant and radical scavenging activities were also evaluated by cell-free bioassays. We found that SK OFB901 strongly inhibited the oxidative neuronal damage induced by $H_2O_2$ or xanthine/xanthine oxidase. In addition, it exhibited marked inhibition of the excitotoxic neuronal damage induced by glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid, or kainate. Furthermore, the $A_{\beta(25-35)}$-induced neurotoxicity was also significantly attenuated by SK OFB901. It was found to inhibit lipid peroxidation initiated by $Fe^{2+}$ and L-ascorbic acid in rat brain homogenates and scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radicals. These results indicate that the butanol fraction prepared from the stems of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten exerts potent antioxidant and neuroprotective effects through multiple mechanisms, implying its potential applications for the prevention or management of neurodegenerative disorders associated with oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and $A{\beta}$.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, D. K. (1998). Illustrated Book of Korean Medicinal Herbs. Kyohaksa, Seoul
  2. Behl, C. and Moosmann, B. (2002). Antioxidant neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease as preventive and therapeutic approach. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 33, 182-191 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(02)00883-3
  3. Cho, J., Joo, N. E., Kong, J. -Y., Jeong, D. -Y., Lee, K. D., and Kang, B. -S. (2000). Inhibition of excitotoxic neuronal death by methanol extract of Acori graminei rhizoma in cultured rat cortical neurons. J. Ethnopharmacol. 73, 31-37 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00262-2
  4. Cho, J., Kong, J. -Y., Jeong, D. -Y., Lee, K. D., Lee, D. U., and Kang, B. -S. (2001). NMDA recepter-mediated neuroprotection by essential oils from the rhizomes of Acorus gramineus. Life Sci. 68, 1567-1573 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(01)00944-4
  5. Cho, J. and Lee, H. -K. (2004). Wogonin inhibits excitotoxic and oxidative neuronal damage in primary cultured rat cortical cells. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 485, 105-110 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2003.11.064
  6. Cho, J., Kim, H. M., Ryu, J. -H., Jeong, Y. S., Lee, Y. S., and Jin, C. (2005). Neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of the ethyl acetate fraction prepared from Tussilago farfara L. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 28, 455-460 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.28.455
  7. Choi, D. W., Maulucci-Gedde, M., and Kriegstein, A. R. (1987). Glutamate neurotoxicity in cortical cell culture. J. Neurosci. 7, 357-368
  8. Darley-Usmar, V. and Halliwell, B. (1996). Blood radicals: reactive nitrogen species, reactive oxygen species, transition metal ions, and the vascular system. Pharm. Res. 13, 649-662 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016079012214
  9. Dok-Go, H., Lee, K. H., Kim, H. J., Lee, E. H., Lee, J., Song, Y. S., Lee, Y. H., Jin, C., Lee, Y. S., and Cho, J. (2003). Neuroprotective effects of antioxidative flavonoids, quercetin, (+)- dihydroquercetin and quercetin 3-methyl ether, isolated from Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten. Brain Res. 965, 130-136 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993(02)04150-1
  10. Feugang, J. M., Konarski, P., Zou, D., Stintzing, F. C., and Zou, C. (2006). Nutritional and medicinal use of Cactus pear (Opuntia spp.) cladodes and fruits. Front. Biosci. 11, 2574-2589 https://doi.org/10.2741/1992
  11. Frati, A. C., Jimenez, E., and Ariza, C. R. (1990). Hypoglycemic effect of Opuntia ficus indica in non insulin-dependent Diabetes mellitus patients. Phytother. Res. 4, 195-197 https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2650040507
  12. Galati, E. M., Pergolizzi, S., Miceli, N., Monforte, M. T., and Tripodo, M. M. (2002). Study on the increment of the production of gastric mucus in rats treated with Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill. cladodes. J. Ethnopharmacol. 83, 229-233 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00243-X
  13. Galati, E. M., Mondello, M. R., Giuffrida, D., Dugo, G., Miceli, N., Pergolizzi, S., and Taviano, M. F. (2003). Chemical characterization and biological effects of Sicilian Opuntia ficus indica (L.) mill. fruit juice: antioxidant and antiulcerogenic activity. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51, 4903-4908 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030123d
  14. Galati, E. M., Monforte, M. T., Miceli, N., Mondello, M. R., Taviano, M. F., Galluzzo, M., and Tripodo, M. M. (2007). Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill. mucilages show cytoprotective effect on gastric mucosa in rat. Phytother. Res. 21, 344-346 https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2075
  15. Halliwell, B. (1992). Reactive oxygen species and the central nervous system. J. Neurochem. 59, 1609-1623 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb10990.x
  16. Hansen, M. B., Nielsen, S. E., and Berg, K. (1989). Re-examination and further development of a precise and rapid dye method for measuring cell growth/cell kill. J. Immunol. Methods 119, 203-210 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(89)90397-9
  17. Kim, J. -H., Park, S. -M., Ha, H. -J., Moon, C. -J., Shin, T. -K., Kim, J. -M., Lee, N. -H., Kim, H. -C., Jang, K. -J., and Wie, M. -B. (2006). Opuntia ficus-indica attenuates neuronal injury in in vitro and in vivo models of cerebral ischemia. J. Ethnopharmacol. 104, 257-262 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.09.017
  18. Lee, E. B., Hyun, J. E., Li, D. W., and Moon, Y. I. (2002). Effects of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten stem on gastric damages in rats. Arch. Pharm. Res. 25, 67-70 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02975264
  19. Lee, J. -C., Kim, H. R., Kim, J., and Jang, Y. -S. (2002). Antioxidant property of an ethanol extract of the stem of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50, 6490- 6496 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020388c
  20. Lee, E. H., Kim, H. J., Song, Y. S., Jin, C., Lee, K. T., Cho, J., and Lee, Y. S. (2003). Constituents of the stems and fruits of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten. Arch. Pharm. Res. 26, 1018- 1023 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02994752
  21. Lee, M. H., Kim, J. Y., Yoon, J. H., Lim, H. J., Kim, T. H., Jin, C., Kwak, W. -J., Han, C. -K., and Ryu, J. -H. (2006). Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase expression in activated microglia and peroxynitrite scavenging activity by Opuntia ficus indica var. saboten. Phytother. Res. 20, 742-747 https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1942
  22. Park, E. -H., Kahng, J. -H., and Paek, E. -A. (1998). Studies on the pharmacological action of cactus: identification of its antiinflammatory effect. Arch. Pharm. Res. 21, 30-34 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03216749
  23. Park, E. -H., Kahng, J. -H., Lee, S. H., and Shin, K. -H. (2001). An anti-inflammatory principle from cactus. Fitoterapia 72, 288-290 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00287-2
  24. Reiter, R. J. (1995). Oxidative processes and antioxidative defense mechanism in the aging brain. FASEB J. 9, 526-533
  25. Saleem, M., Kim, H. J., Han, C. K., Jin, C., and Lee, Y. S. (2006). Secondary metabolites from Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten. Phytochemistry 67, 1390-1394 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.04.009
  26. Sauer, D. and Fagg, G. E. (1992). Excitatory amino acids, excitotoxicity and neurodegenerative disorders, In Excitatory amino acid receptors (P. Krogsgaard-Larsen and J. J. Hansen Eds.). pp.13-33. Ellis Horwood, New York
  27. Selkoe, D. J. and Schenk, D. (2003). Alzheimer's disease: molecular understanding predicts amyloid-based therapeutics. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 43, 545-584 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.43.100901.140248
  28. Simonian, N. A. and Coyle, J. T. (1996). Oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 36, 83- 106 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pa.36.040196.000503
  29. Stintzing, F. C., Herbach, K. M., Mosshammer, M. R., Carle, R., Yi, W., Sellappan, S., Akoh, C. C., Bunch, R., and Felker, P. (2005). Color, betalain pattern, and antioxidant properties of cactus pear (Opuntia spp.) clones. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53, 442-451 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048751y
  30. Stintzing, F. C. and Reinhold, C. (2005). Cactus stems (Opuntia spp.): A review on their chemistry, technology, and uses. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 49, 175-194 https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200400071
  31. Wang, J. Y., Shum, A. Y., Ho, Y. J., and Wang, J.Y. (2003). Oxidative neurotoxicity in rat cerebral cortex neurons: synergistic effects of $H_2O_2$ and NO on apoptosis involving activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and caspase-3. J. Neurosci. Res. 72, 508-519 https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.10597
  32. Wie, M. -B. (2000). Protective effects of Opuntia ficus-indica and Saururus chinensis on free radical-induced neuronal injury in mouse cortical cell cultures. Yakhak Hoiji 44, 613-619
  33. Xie, C., Lovell, M. A., Xiong, S., Kindy, M. S., Guo, J. -T., Xie, J., Amaranth, V., Montine, T. J., and Markesbery, W. R. (2001). Expression of glutathione-S-transferase isozyme in the SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line increases resistance to oxidative stress. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 31, 73-81 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(01)00553-6
  34. Yankner, B. A., Duffy, L. K., and Kirschner, D. A. (1990). Neurotrophic and neurotoxic effects of amyloid beta protein: reversal by tachykinin neuropeptides. Science 250, 279-282 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2218531
  35. Yoon, I., Lee, K. H., and Cho, J. (2004). Gossypin protects primary cultured rat cortical cells from oxidative stress- and betaamyloid- induced toxicity. Arch. Pharm. Res. 27, 454-459 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980089

Cited by

  1. Alleviating effects of Opuntia ficus indica extracts on psychomotor alterations induced by ethanol in rats vol.23, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-014-0280-4
  2. 채취시기별 보검선인장 줄기의 항산화, 항당뇨 및 항알츠하이머 활성평가 vol.30, pp.6, 2007, https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2017.30.6.1332
  3. A Review on Opuntia Species and its Chemistry, Pharmacognosy, Pharmacology and Bioapplications vol.16, pp.None, 2007, https://doi.org/10.2174/1573401316666200220092414