동아시아 문화지역의 역사-지리적 설정

A Historical-Geographical Identification of East Asia as a Cultural Region

  • 류제헌 (한국교원대학교 제2대학 지리교육과)
  • Ryu, Je-Hun (Department of Geography, Korea National University of Education)
  • 발행 : 2007.12.31

초록

동아시아의 지역적 정체성은 역사-지리적 실재에 근거할 때 비로소 더욱 성공적으로 대중적 동의를 얻을 것으로 기대된다. 본 연구는 최근에 확대된 장소 개념을 이용하여 동아시아 문화지역의 역사-지리적 설정을 시도하고자 한다. 동아시아 문화지역에 일체성을 부여하는 것은 복수적 장소들이 공유하는 문화적 동질성이 아니라 다양한 공간 규모를 가지는 단일한 장소 내부의 문화적 혼합이다. 문화적 혼합은 지배가 아니면 저항, 그리고 때로는 뒤엉킴의 형태로 표현되는 것이다. "경합 장소로서의 산악"이라는 개념은 동아시아 내부의 문화적 동일성을 탐구하기 위한 실험적 노력의 일환으로 제안되었다. 이러한 장소 개념은 산악을 제외한 다른 공간적 단위-가옥, 정원, 촌락, 도시 등-에 대한 연구들로 확대되어 적용될 필요가 있다. 왜냐하면 이러한 연구들이 축적되면 결국 동아시아가 역사-지리적으로 특정한 문화적 동일성을 가진 장소라는 정의가 구체적으로 가능해질 것이기 때문이다.

In East Asia, regional identity can be expected to obtain popular consent more successfully when it is firmly based on historical-geographical reality. This study is an attempt to apply a broadened concept of place to the identification of East Asia as a cultural region. Cultural mixture within places at various scales, rather than cultural integration across those places, would give greater coherence to East Asia as a cultural region. This cultural mixture varies from one place to another, depending on the relative position in power relations. It could appear in the form of either domination or resistance, and even entanglement. The concept of a "mountain as a contested place" is proposed as an experimental effort to search for the basis for cultural identity within East Asia. This concept of place should be extended to the individual studies of such spatial units as houses, gardens, villages and cities. These individual studies, if accumulated, would result in improved theories of East Asia as a region that has a distinct cultural identity in historical-geographical terms.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Agnew, J. A. and Duncan, J. S. (eds.), 1984, The Power of Place: Bringing Together Geographical and Sociological Imaginations, Unwin Hyman, Boston, Mass
  2. Agnew, J. A., 2002, Place and Politics in Modem Italy, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London
  3. Brunn, O. and Kalland, A. (eds.), 1995, Asian Perspective of Nature: A Critical Approach, Curzon Press, Richmond, UK
  4. Collcutt, M. et al. (eds.), 1991, Cultural Atlas of Japan, Oxford Ltd., Andromeda, New York
  5. Dent, C. M., 2002, International political economy of northeast Asian economic integration, in Dent, C. M. and Huang, D. W. F. (eds.), Northeast Asian Regionalism: Learning from the European Experience, RoutiedgeCurzon, London, 65-99
  6. Entrikin, N. J., 1997, Place and region 3, Progress in Human Geography, 21(2), 263-268 https://doi.org/10.1191/030913297677390879
  7. Entrikin, N. J., 1999, Political community, identity and cosmopolitan place, International Sociology, 14(3), 269-282 https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580999014003003
  8. Entrikin, N.J., 2002, Democratic place-making and multiculturalism, Geografiska Annaler, 84B, 19-25
  9. Faure, B., 1987, Space and place in Chinese religious traditions, History of Religions, 26(4), 337-356 https://doi.org/10.1086/463086
  10. Grapard, A. G., 1982, Flying mountains and walkers of emptiness; Toward a definition of sacred space in Japanese religions, History of Religions, 20(3), 195-221
  11. Grapard, A. G., 2000, The state remains, but mountains and rivers are destroyed, in Gaul, K. K. and Hiltz , J. (eds.), Landscapes and Communities on the Pacific Rim: Cultural Perspectives from Asia to the Pacific Northwest, M. F. Sharpe, Inc., Armonk, New York, 108-129
  12. Holcombe, C., 2001, The Genesis of East Asia: 221 B.C.-A.D. 907, University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu
  13. Huntington, S., 1996, The Clash of Civilizations: Remaking of World Order, Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc., New York
  14. Keum, J.-T., 2000, Confucianism and Korean Thoughts, Jipmundang Publishing Company, Seoul, Korea
  15. Lewis, M. W. and Wigen, K. E., 1997, The Myth of Continents: A Critique of Metageography, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles
  16. Liu, F.-K., 2003, East Asian regionalism and the evolution of a fragmented region, in Liu, F.-K. and Rangier, P. (eds.), Regionalism in East Asia: Paradigm Shifting?, RoutiedgeCurzon, London, 71-84
  17. Massey, D., 1995, The conceptualization of place, in Massey, D. and Jess, P. (eds.), A Place in the World? Places, Cultures and Globalization, The Open University Press, Oxford, 46-85
  18. Munakata, K., 1991, Sacred Mountains in Chinese An: An Exhibition Organized by the Kranner An Museum at the University of Illinois, University of Illinois Press, Baltimore
  19. Naquin, S. and Yu, C.-F. (eds.). 1992, Pilgrims and Sacred Sites in China, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles
  20. Olsen, E. A., 1975, Man and nature: East Asia and the West, Asian Profile, 3(6), 631-650
  21. Pile, S., 1997, Introduction: opposition, political identities and spaces of resistance, in Pile, S. and Keith, M. (eds.), Geographies of Resistance, Routledge, London and New York, 1-32
  22. Rose, G., 1995, Place and identity: A sense of place, in Massey, M. and Jess, P. (eds.), A Place in the World? Places, Cultures and Globalization, The Open University Press, Oxford, 216-239
  23. Rozman, G. (ed.), 1991, The East Asian Region: Confucian Heritage and Its Modern Adaptation, Princeton University Press, Princeton, Hew Jersey
  24. Ryu, J.-H., 2000, Reading the Korean Cultural Landscape, Hollym Corporation; Publishers, Elizabeth, N.J
  25. Ryu, J.-H., 2005, Kyeryong mountain as a contested place, Journal of Korean Geographical Society, 40(5), 553-570
  26. Ryu, J.-H., 2007, The Evolution of a Confucian landscape in the Andong Cultural Region of Korea: universalism or particularism, Acta Koreana, 10(1), 69-101 https://doi.org/10.18399/acta.2007.10.1.003
  27. Sharpe, J. P. et al. (eds.), 2000, Entanglement of Power: Geographies of Domination/resistance, Routledge, London and New York
  28. Shills, E., 1996, Reflections on civil society and civility in the Chinese intellectual tradition, in Tu, W.-M. (ed.), Confucian Traditions in East Asian Modernity: Moral Education and Economic Culture in Japan and the Four Mini-Dragons, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 38-71
  29. Tuan, Y.-F., 1977, Space and Place: The Perspective of Experience, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis
  30. Walton, L. A., 1993, Southern Sung academies as sacred places, in Ebrey, P. B. and Gregory, P. N. (eds.), Religion and Society in Tang and Sung China, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 335-363
  31. Walton, L. A., 1998, Southern Sung academies and the construction of sacred space, in Ye, W.-H. (ed.), Landscape, Culture, and Power in Chinese Society, China Research Monograph 49, Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley, 23-51
  32. Wigen, K. E., 1999, Culture, power, and place: The new landscapes of east Asian regionalism, The American Historical Review, 101(4), 1183-1201
  33. Yao, X., 2000, An Introduction to Confucianism, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
  34. Zurcher, E. and Heinemann, R. K., 1984, Buddhism in East Asia, in Bechert, H. and Gombrich, R. (eds.), The World of Buddhism: Buddhist Monk and Nuns in Society and Culture, Tames and Hudson Ltd., New York, 193-230