Journal of Gifted/Talented Education (영재교육연구)

The Korean Society for the Gifted (한국영재학회)
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Nurturing Creative Problem Solving Ability of the Gifted in Confucian Society

유교사회에서의 창의적 문제해결력 개발

  • Published : 2007.12.31
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Abstract

It has been understood that Confucian culture only blocks creative problem solving(CPS). However, it is claimed that Confucian culture exerts positive and negative influence on nurturing CPS. Confucian culture fosters CPS by urging strong motivation for learning, and building rich base of knowledge and skills in general and in specific domains through teaching joy of learning and hardworking fueled by parents' education fever. Confucian culture has negative influence on CPS with emphasis on obedience and conformity. Keju system, as a part of Confucian culture, resulted in excessive private tutoring to prepare for the high-stakes test, delimitation of students' experiences to matters to be tested, and students' weak interest, self-concept, and self-directed learning. Negative influence from Confucian culture on CPS is analyzed and some suggestions are provided for revising educational policies and educational practices in order to maximize the creative problem solving in Confucian countries.

유교문화는 창의적 문제해결력의 계발과 발휘를 방해하는 것으로 이해되어 왔다. 그러나 본 연구는 유교문화가 창의적 문제해결력 발휘에 방해가 되기만 한 것은 아님을 주장한다. 유교문화는 창의적 문제해결력의 계발에 도움이 되기도 하고 방해가 되기도 하였다. 창의적 문제해결력은 동기, 일반적인 지식과 기능, 특정 영역의 지식과 기능을 기반으로 확산적 수렴적 사고라는 도구를 사용할 때 발휘된다. 유교문화는 배움의 즐거움을 강조하며, 열심히 정진하는 자세의 소중함을 가르쳤고, 이로 인해 부모들은 높은 교육열을 끌어냈다. 그러나 유교문화 중에서도 위계사회에서 순종하고 타협하는 태도를 강조함과 계층 이동의 주요 수단으로서의 과거제도는 시험 문제 풀이에 치중하는 교육을 초래하여 창의적 문제해결력의 수단이 되는 사고기회를 박탈하고 학생들의 흥미, 호기심, 자아효능감 등을 저하시킴으로써 창의적 문제해결력의 발휘를 억제하는 부정적인 기능을 했다. 이런 문제점에 대한 인식을 바탕으로 영재의 선발과 학업수행에 대한 평가, 교육 프로그램의 개발 및 운영, 교사 연수, 대학입학전형 등을 개선하는데 필요한 방안을 제시했다.

Keywords

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