발관 실패의 위험 인자 및 발관 후 천음과 재삽관의 예측에 있어 Cuff Leak Test 의 유용성과 의미 분석

Risk Factors of Extubation Failure and Analysis of Cuff Leak Test as a Predictor for Postextubation Stridor

  • 임성용 (성균관대학교 의과대학 내과학교실, 강북삼성병원 호흡기내과) ;
  • 서지영 (성균관대학교 의과대학 내과학교실, 삼성서울병원 호흡기내과) ;
  • 경선영 (가천의대 길병원 호흡기내과) ;
  • 안창혁 (가천의대 길병원 호흡기내과) ;
  • 박정웅 (가천의대 길병원 호흡기내과) ;
  • 이상표 (가천의대 길병원 호흡기내과) ;
  • 정성환 (가천의대 길병원 호흡기내과) ;
  • 함형석 (성균관대학교 의과대학 내과학교실, 삼성서울병원 호흡기내과) ;
  • 안영미 (보훈병원 호흡기내과) ;
  • 임시영 (성균관대학교 의과대학 내과학교실, 강북삼성병원 호흡기내과) ;
  • 고원중 (성균관대학교 의과대학 내과학교실, 삼성서울병원 호흡기내과) ;
  • 정만표 (성균관대학교 의과대학 내과학교실, 삼성서울병원 호흡기내과) ;
  • 김호중 (성균관대학교 의과대학 내과학교실, 삼성서울병원 호흡기내과) ;
  • 권오정 (성균관대학교 의과대학 내과학교실, 삼성서울병원 호흡기내과)
  • Lim, Seong Yong (Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Suh, Gee Young (Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kyung, Sun Yong (Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon Medical School, Gil Medical Center) ;
  • An, Chang Hyeok (Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon Medical School, Gil Medical Center) ;
  • Park, Jung Woong (Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon Medical School, Gil Medical Center) ;
  • Lee, Sang Pyo (Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon Medical School, Gil Medical Center) ;
  • Jeong, Sung Hwan (Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon Medical School, Gil Medical Center) ;
  • Ham, Hyoung Suk (Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Ahn, Young Mee (Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Hospital) ;
  • Lim, Si Young (Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Koh, Won Jung (Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Chung, Man Pyo (Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Ho Joong (Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kwon, O Jung (Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine)
  • 투고 : 2006.05.11
  • 심사 : 2006.07.04
  • 발행 : 2006.07.30

초록

연구배경: 발관 실패와 관련된 위험 인자를 살펴보고, 기관내 삽관의 합병증으로 인한 후두부 폐쇄와 PES로 인한 재삽관의 위험성을 발관 전에 미리 예측하기 위한 CLT 검사의 의의 및 제한점을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 24시간 이상 삽관과 인공 호흡기 치료 후 발관을 시도한 34명의 연속적인 환자들을 대상으로 발관 실패군에서 성공군과 차이를 보이는 인자를 살펴보고 CLT 를 시행해서 PES와 재삽관을 예측하는 CLV, CLP의 기준값을 구하였다. 결 과: 총 34명중 발관 실패는 6명(17.6%), PES는 3명(8.8%) 이었고 PES가 있던 3명은 모두 재삽관을 받았다. 발관 실패 환자에서 삽관 기간이 길었고, SAPS II score가 컸으며, 삽관 기간은 CLV, CLP와 역상관관계를 보였다. PES 양성 환자의 평균 CLV은 $22.5{\pm}23.8ml$로 음성 환자의 $233.3{\pm}147.1ml$보다 낮았고, CLP도 양성군에서 $6.2{\pm}7.3%$로 음성군의 $44.3{\pm}24.7%$보다 유의하게 낮았다. 가장 신뢰성 있는 CLV, CLP의 기준값은 50 ml, 14.7% 였고 CLV의 민감도는 100%, 특이도 93.5%, 양성예측도 60%, 음성예측도 100% 였고, CLP의 민감도는 100%, 특이도 87.1%, 양성예측도 42.9%, 음성예측도 100% 였다. 결 론: 삽관 기간이 길고 중증 질환 환자에서 발관 실패의 가능성이 높다. CLV, CLP가 감소되어 있을 경우 PES로 인한 재삽관 위험이 높아지므로 발관 시 주의가 필요하지만 발관의 불필요한 연기나 시도 자체에 대한 기준은 아닐것으로 생각된다.

Background: Extubation failure was associated with poor prognosis and high hospital mortality. Cuff leak test (CLT) has been proposed as a relatively simple method for detecting laryngeal obstruction that predispose toward postextubation stridor (PES) and reintubation. We examined the risk factors of extubation failure and evaluated the usefulness and limitation of CLT for predicting PES and reintubation. Methods: Thirty-four consecutive patients intubated more than 24 hours were examined. The subjects were evaluated daily for extubation readiness, and CLT was performed prior to extubation. Several parameters in the extubation success and failure group were compared. The accuracy and limitation of CLT were evaluated after choosing the thresholds values of the cuff leak volume (CLV) and percentage (CLP). Results: Of the 34 patients studied, 6 (17.6%) developed extubation failure and 3 (8.8%) were accompanied by PES. The patients who had extubation failure were more likely to have a longer duration of intubation and more severe illness. The patients who developed PES had a smaller cuff leak than the others: according to the CLV ($22.5{\pm}23.8$ vs $233.3{\pm}147.1ml$, p=0.020) or CLP ($6.2{\pm}7.3$ vs $44.3{\pm}24.7%$, p=0.013). The best cut off values for the CLV and CLP were 50ml and 14.7%, respectively. The sensitivity, negative predictive value, and specificity of CLT were relatively high, but the positive predictive value was low. Conclusion: The likelihood of developing extubation failure increases with increasing severity of illness and duration of intubation. A low CLV or CLP (<50ml or 14.7%) is useful in identifying patients at risk of PES, but the CLT is not an absolute predictor and should not be used an indicator for delaying extubation.

키워드

참고문헌

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