DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Betaine on Performence, Carcass Characteristics and Hepatic Betaine-homocysteine Methyltransferase Activity in Finishing Barrows

  • Feng, J. (Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education) ;
  • Liu, X. (Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education) ;
  • Wang, Y.Z. (Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education) ;
  • Xu, Z.R. (Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education)
  • Received : 2005.07.17
  • Accepted : 2005.09.24
  • Published : 2006.03.01

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary betaine (0, 0.125%) on performance, carcass composition, pork quality and hepatic betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) activity of crossbred finishing barrows. Three replicates of ten pigs were used for each treatment. The results showed that average daily gain, feed intake and feed conversion were not affected by betaine. Compared with the control group, pigs treated with betaine had a 8.17% (p<0.05) decrease in carcass fat percentage, and a 8.84% (p<0.05) reduction in 10th-rib backfat thickness, but dressing percentage, percentage lean, longissimus muscle area, and average backfat thickness were not affected. There were also no significant differences in muscle color score, marbling score, pork pH value and water loss rate between the control and betaine-treated groups. Hepatic betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) activity was significantly increased by 13.97% (p<0.05) when pigs were offered 0.125% betaine.

Keywords

References

  1. Barak, A. J., D. J. Tuma. 1983. Betaine, metabolic by-product or vital methylating agent? Life Sci. 32:771-774 https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(83)90311-9
  2. Bradford, M. M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye and binding. Anal. Biochem. 72:248- 254 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
  3. Cadogan, D. J., R. G. Campbell, D. Harrison and A. C. Edwards. 1993. The effects of betaine on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of female pigs. In: (Ed. E. S. Batterham) Manipulating pig production. p. 219. Australasian Pig Science Association, Attwood, Victoria, Australia
  4. Campbell, R. G., D. J. Cadogan, W. C. Morley, R. Uusitalo, E. Virtanen. 1995. Interrelationships between dietary methionine and betaine on the growth performance of pigs from 65-100 kg. J. Anim. Sci. 73(Suppl.1):82(Abstr.)
  5. Casarin, A., M. Forat and B. J. Zabaras-Krick. 1997. Interrelationships between betaine (Betafin-BCR) and level of feed intake on the performance parameters and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 75 (Suppl. 1):75(Abstr.)
  6. Cromwell, G. L., M. D. Lindemann, J. R. Randolph, H. J. Monegue, K. M. Laurent and G. R. Parker. 1999. Efficacy of betaine as a carcass modifier in finishing pigs fed normal and reduced energy diets. J. Anim. Sci. (Suppl. 1):179(Abstr.)
  7. Emmert, J. L., T. A. Garrow and D. H. Baker. 1996. Hepatic betaine-homocystein methyltrans- ferase activity in the chicken as influenced by dietary intake of sulfur amino acids, choline and betaine. J. Nutr. 126:2050-2058
  8. Emmert, J. L., D. M. Webel, R. R. Biehl, M. A. Griffiths, L. S. Garrow, T. A. Garrow and D. H. Baker. 1998. Hepatic and renal betaine-homocystein methyltransferase activity in pigs as affected by dietary intake of sulfur amino acids, choline and betaine. J. Anim. Sci. 76:606-610
  9. Finkelstein, J. D., W. E. Kyle and B. J. Harris. 1971. Methionine metabolism in mammals. Regulation of homocysteine methyltransferases in rat tissue. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 146:84-92 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9861(71)80044-9
  10. Finkelstein, J. D., W. E. Kyle, B. J. Harris and J. J. Martin. 1982a. Methionine metabolism in mammals. Concentration of metabolites in rat tissues. J. Nutr. 112:1011-1018 https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/112.5.1011
  11. Finkelstein, J. D., J. J. Martin, B. J. Harris and W. E. Kyle. 1982b. Regulation of the betaine content of rat liver. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 218:169-173 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(82)90332-0
  12. Finkelstein, J. D., J. J. Martin, B. J. Harris and W. E. Kyle. 1983. Regulation of hepatic betaine-homocystein methyltransferase by dietary betaine. J. Nutr. 113:519-521 https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/113.3.519
  13. Finkelstein, J. D., J. J. Martin. 1984. Methionine metabolism in mammals. Distribution of homocysteine between competing pathways. J. Biol. Chem. 259:9508-9513
  14. Garrow, T. A. 1996. Purification, kinetic properties, and cDNA cloning of mammalian betaine-homocystein methyl transferase. J. Biol. Chem. 271:22831-22838 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.271.37.22831
  15. Haydon, K. D., R. G. Campbell and T. J. Prince. 1995. Effect of dietary betaine additions and amino acid: calorie ratio on performance and carcass traits of finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 73(Suppl. 1):83(Abstr.)
  16. Kidd, M. T., P. R. Ferket and J. D. Garlich. 1997. Nutritional and osmoregulatory functions of betaine. World's Poult. Sci. J. 53:125-139 https://doi.org/10.1079/WPS19970013
  17. Lawrence, B. V., A. P. Schincke, O. Adeola and K. Cera. 2002. Impact of betaine on pig finishing performance and carcass composition. J. Anim. Sci. 80:475-482
  18. Matthews, J. O., L. L. Southern, J. E. Pontif, A. D. Higbie and T. D. Bidner. 1998. Interactive effects of betaine, crude protein and net energy in finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 76:2444-2455
  19. Matthews, J. O., L. L. Southern, T. D. Bidner and M. A. Persica. 2001a. Effects of betaine, pen space, and slaughter handling method on growth performance, carcass traits, and pork quality of finishing barrows. J. Anim. Sci. 79:967-974
  20. Matthews, J. O., L. L. Southern, A. D. Higbie, M. A. Persica and T. D. Bidner. 2001b. Effects of betaine on growth, carcass characteristic, pork quality and plasma metabolites of finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 79:722-728
  21. NPPC. 1976. Procedures to evaluate market hogs, 1st ed. Natl. Pork Producers Council, Des Moines, IA
  22. NRC. 1998. Nutrient requirements of swine. 10th ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC
  23. Overland, M., K. A. Rorvik and A. Skrede. 1999. Effect of trimethylamineoxide and betaine in swine diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, and sensory quality of pork. J. Anim. Sci. 77:2143-2153 https://doi.org/10.2527/1999.7782143x
  24. Park, E. I., M. S. Renduchintala and T. A. Garrow. 1997. Dietinduced changes in hepatic betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase activity are mediated by changes in the steady-state level of its mRNA. J. Nutr. Biochem. 8:541-545 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2863(97)00101-0
  25. SAS. 1988. SAS User's Guide: Statistics. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC
  26. Smith, J. W., J. L. Nelssen, R. D. Goodband, M. D. Tokach, B. T. Richert, K. Q. Owen, J. R. Bergstrom and S. A. Blum. 1995. The effects of supplementing growing-finishing swine diets with betaine and (or) choline on growth and carcass characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 73(Suppl. 1):83(Abstr.)
  27. Webel, D. M., F. K. Mckeith and R. A. Easter. 1995. The effects of betaine supplementation of growth performance and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 73(Suppl.1): 82(Abstr.)
  28. Xu, Z. R., X. D. Jin and R. J. Xiao. 1996. Effects of ractopamine on carcass composition and meat quality of finishing swine. Acta Zoonutriment Sinica. 8(3):44-48 (in Chinese)
  29. Xue, G. P. and A. M. Snosell. 1986. Developmental changes in the activities of enzymes related to methyl group metabolism in sheep tissues. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 83 B:115-120
  30. Yu, D. Y., Z. R. Xu and W. F. Li. 2004. Effects of betaine on growth performance and carcass characteristics in growing pigs. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 17(12):1700-1704 https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2004.1700

Cited by

  1. Betaine alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation via enhancing hepatic lipid export and fatty acid oxidation in rats fed with a high-fat diet vol.113, pp.12, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515001130
  2. Effects of dietary betaine on growth performance, fat deposition and serum lipids in broilers subjected to chronic heat stress vol.86, pp.10, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.12372
  3. Betaine affects muscle lipid metabolism via regulating the fatty acid uptake and oxidation in finishing pig vol.8, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-017-0200-6
  4. Can Exogenous Betaine Be an Effective Osmolyte in Broiler Chicks under Water Salinity Stress? vol.20, pp.11, 2007, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2007.1729
  5. Effects of Dietary Glycine Betaine on Pork Quality in Different Muscle Types vol.20, pp.11, 2006, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2007.1754
  6. A meta-analysis of the effects of dietary betaine supplementation on finishing performance and carcass characteristics of pigs vol.165, pp.1, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.02.008
  7. Availability of betaine present in fine wheat bran in diets for growing pigs vol.48, pp.None, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1590/rbz4820180141