Relationship among Chemical Properties of Soils with Different Texture Taken from Plastic Film House of Chungbuk Area

충북지역 시설재배지 토성별 토양화학성의 상호관계

  • Kim, Jai-Joung (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Kang, Seong-Soo (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Ki-In (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Hong, Soon-Dal (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chungbuk National University)
  • Received : 2006.04.20
  • Accepted : 2006.05.31
  • Published : 2006.06.30

Abstract

Chemical characteristics and their interrelationships of 156 soils included by 74 sandy loam and 82 loam soils collected from plastic film house in Chungbuk area were investigated from 1998 to 2001. Seventeen chemical properties including pH, organic matter (OM), electrical conductivity (EC), inorganic nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable cations, CEC, etc., were analyzed by correlation, standardized partial regression coefficient, and principal factor analysis. Standardized partial regression coefficients of chemical properties were estimated to determine the degree of contribution of EC and OM contents in soils. Principal factor analysis was applied to classify the studied chemical properties into different groups having similar chemical properties. The pH of experimental soils ranged from 4.24 to 7.14 and 4.95 to 7.35 for loam and sandy loam soils, respectively. The EC of soils varied from 0.93 to $15.65dS\;m^{-1}$ for loam and $0.91{\sim}22.30dS\;m^{-1}$ for sandy loam soils, respectively with significant differences among them. The EC measured by 1:5 $H_2O$ dilution method and saturation method were significantly related with 8.163 and 8.599 as the slopes of regression equation for loam and sandy loam soils, respectively. These slopes more than 8.0 in this regression equation was higher than the slope of 5.0 that is estimated from dilution coefficient suggesting that EC measured by 1:5 dilution method might be erratic. The standardized partial regression coefficient of different chemical properties for the estimation of EC was in the order of $NO_3{^-}$ > $Cl^-$ > OM > exchangeable Mg for loam soils and $NO_3{^-}$ > exchangeable Mg > $Cl^-$ for sandy loam soils. Contribution order of the chemical properties based on standardized partial regression coefficient differed 1:5 dilution method and saturation method, indicating that different chemical compounds might be present in the extract solutions of these two methods. Consequently the measurement of EC by saturation method was thought be still better for estimation of chemical property because accuracy of EC measurement by 1:5 dilution method can't be improved by any specific coefficient for adjustment of EC. Regardless of differences in soil textures and extraction methods, correlation coefficients between EC and the other chemical properties were routinely in the order of $NO_3{^-}$ > $Cl^-$ > degree of base saturation > exchangeable Mg > exchangeable Ca > $SO{_4}^{2-}$. The principal factor analysis revealed four factor groups of the chemical properties studied. The groups for sandy loam were as follows; ; 1. salt components, 2. soil reaction components, 3. fixed and adsorption components, 4. CEC components. The groupings of loam soils were similar to sandy loam except that exchangeable Na substituted the CEC of sandy loam.

1998년부터 2001년까지 충북지역에서 156개 시설토양이 채취되어 시설재배 토양의 화학성에 대한 특성 및 상호관계가 통계적 방법에 의하여 비교 검토되었다. 평가에 적용된 화학성들은 pH외 16개 성분들이며 통계분석은 상관, 표준화된 편회귀계수, 주인자분석 등으로 수행되었다. 표준화된 편회귀계수는 종속변수에 관여하는 회귀변수들의 상대적 중요성을 평가하기 위하여 토양의 유기물 함량과 전기전도도에 관여하는 화학성들의 기여도 분석에 적용되었다. 주인자 분석은 시설재배 토양의 화학성들에 대하여 공통인자에 의한 집단들을 분류하기 위하여 분석하였다. 공시토양의 pH는 양토가 4.24~7.14, 사양토가 4.95~7.35이었고 염류농도를 나타내는 전기전도도는 양토의 경우 최소 0.93에서 최대 $15.65dS\;m^{-1}$, 사양토의 경우 최소 0.91에서 최대 $22.30dS\;m^{-1}$로서 큰 차이를 나타냈다. 전기전도도 측정을 위한 1:5 희석법과 포화 침출법은 고도로 유의성 있는 직선적인 회귀관계를 보였으며 직선식의 기울기는 사양토가 8.599, 양토가 8.163로서 이론적 희석배수 5보다 높게 평가되었다. 표준화된 편회귀계수로 평가한 포화침출법의 전기전도도에 대한 화학성들의 기여도 순위는 양토의 경우 질산태질소 > 염소 > 유기물 > 치환성 고토의 순이었고 사양토의 경우는 질산태질소 > 치환성 고토 > 염소의 순이었다. 전기전도도에 대한 화학성들의 기여도 순위는 포화침출법과 1:5 회석법 사이에 차이를 보여 침출방법에 따른 용액의 화학종 농도는 동일하지 않은 것으로 생각되었다. 따라서 1:5 희석법에 의한 전기전도도 측정은 특정한 계수로 조절하더라도 정확도가 낮아질 수밖에 없으며 가능한 포화용액 침출법이 바람직할 것으로 생각되었다. 상관계수의 크기로 단순히 비교할 때 전기전도도는 토성과 침출방법에 관계없이 질산태질소 > 염소 > 염기포화도 > 치환성 고토 > 치환성 석회 > 황산이온 ($SO{_4}^{2-}$)의 순이었다. 주인자 분석에 의한 시설재배 토양의 화학성은 4개 요인으로 분류되었으며 요인별 특징은 사양토의 경우 1) 염류물질, 2) 토양산도, 3) 흡착고정물질 4) CEC로, 그리고 양토의 경우는 CEC 대신 치환성 소다로 대체되며 화학성들을 분류할 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

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