참고문헌
- Fang, Y. Z., S. Yang, and G. Wu (2002) Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition. Nutrition 18: 872-879 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-9007(02)00916-4
- Patel, R. P., J. McAndrew, H. Sellak, C. R. White, H. Jo, B. A. Freeman, and V. M. Darley-Usmar (1999) Biological aspects of reactive nitrogen species. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1411: 385-400 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-2728(99)00028-6
- Grace, S. C., M. G. Salgo, and W. A. Pryor (1998) Scavenging of peroxynitrite by a phenolic/peroxidase system prevents oxidative damage to DNA. FEBS Lett. 426: 24-28 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00298-1
- Virag, L., E. Szabo, P. Gergely, and C. Szabo (2003) Peroxynitrite-induced cytotoxicity: mechanism and opportunities for intervention. Toxicol. Lett. 140-141: 113-124 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4274(02)00508-8
- Reiter, R. J., D. X. Tan, and S. Burkhardt (2002) Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and cellular and organismal decline: amelioration with melatonin. Mech. Ageing Dev. 123: 1007-1019 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-6374(01)00384-0
- Heijnen, C. G. M., G. R. M. M. Haenen, and J. A. J. M. Vekemans (2001) Peroxynitrite scavenging of flavonoids: Structure activity relationship. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 10: 199-206 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1382-6689(01)00083-7
- Heijnen, C. G. M., G. R. M. M. Haenen, F. A. A. van Acker, W. J. F. van der Vijgh, and A. Bast (2001) Flavonoids as peroxynitrite scavengers: the role of the hydroxyl groups. Toxicol. In Vitro 15: 3-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0887-2333(00)00053-9
- Chung, H. Y., H. R. Choi, H. J. Park, J. S. Choi, and W. C. Choi (2001) Peroxynitrite scavenging and cytoprotective activity of 2,3,4-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether from the marine alga Symphycladia latiuscula. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49: 3614-3621 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0101206
- Blois, M. S. (1958) Antioxidant determination by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 181: 1199-1202 https://doi.org/10.1038/1811199a0
- Lee, H. J., Y. A. Kim, J. W. Ahn, B. J. Lee, S. G. Moon, and Y. Seo (2004) Screening of peroxynitrite and DPPH radical scavenging activities from salt marsh plants. Kor. J. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 19: 57-61
- Lee, H. J., K. E. Park, J. S. Yoo, J. W. Ahn, B. J. Lee, and Y. Seo (2004) Studies on screening of seaweed extracts for peroxynitrite and DPPH radical scavenging activities. Ocean and Polar Research 26: 59-64 https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2004.26.1.059
- Bennington, C. C. and D. A. Stratton (1998) Field tests of density and frequency-dependent selection in Erigeron annuus (Compositae), Am. J. Bot. 85: 540-545 https://doi.org/10.2307/2446438
- Kim, T. S. and H. J. Lee (1991) Life history and growth pattern on the Erigeron annuus. Kor. J. Ecol. 14: 211-231
- Kim, T. S., H. J. Lee, and D. W. Byun (1992) Germination, shade tolerance and community characteristics of Erigeron annuus L. in Cheju, Kor. J. Ecol. 15: 103-116
- Shanghai Scientific Technological Publishers and Shougakukan. (eds.). Dictionary of Chinese Materia Medica. Vol. 1. Shougakukan, Tokyo. 1985. pp. 25
- Oh, H., S. Lee, H. S. Lee, D. H. Lee, S. Y. Lee, H. T. Chung, T. S. Kim, and T. O. Kwon (2002) Germination inhibitory constituents from Erigeron annuus. Phytochemistry 61: 175-179 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00236-4
- Iijima, T., Y. Yaoita, and M. Kikuchi (2003) Two new cyclopentenone derivatives and a new cyclooctadienone derivative from Erigeron annuus (L.) PERS., Erigeron philadelphicus L., and Erigeron sumatrensis RETZ. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 51: 894-896 https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.51.894
- Iijima, T., Y. Yaoita, and M. Kikuchi (2003) Five new sesquiterpenoids and a new diterpenoid from Erigeron annuus (L.) PERS., Erigeron philadelphicus L. and Erigeron sumatrensis RETZ. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 51: 545- 549 https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.51.545
- Kooy, N. W., J. A. Royall, H. Ischiropoulos, and J. S. Beckman (1994) Peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 16: 149-156 https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-5849(94)90138-4
-
Wagner, H. and V. M. Chari (1976)
$^{13}C$ -NMR spektren naturlich vorkommender flavonoide. Tetrahedron Lett. 21: 1799-1802 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)92783-7 - Saleem, M., H. J. Kim, C. Jin, and Y. S. Lee (2004) Antioxidant caffeic acid derivatives from leaves of Parthenocissus tricuspidata. Arch. Pharm. Res. 27: 300-304 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980064
- Harborne, J. B. (1982) The Flavonoids: Advances in Research. pp. 60. Champman and Hall, London, UK
- Harborne, J. B. (1994) The Flavonoids: Advances in Research. pp. 453. Champman and Hall
- Niwa, T., U. Doi, Y. Kato, and T. Osawa (1999) Inhibitory mechanism of sinapinic acid against peroxynitritemediated tyrosine nitration of protein in vitro. FEBS Lett. 459: 43-46 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01216-8
- Pannala, A. S., R. Razaq, B. Halliwell, S. Singh, and C. A. Rice-Evans (1998) Inhibition of peroxynitrite dependent tyrosine nitration by hydroxycinnamates: nitration or electron donation? Free Radic. Biol. Med. 24: 594-606 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(97)00321-3
- Ippoushi, K., K. Azuma, H. Ito, H. Horie, and H. Higashio (2003) [6]-Gingerol inhibits nitric oxide synthesis in activated J774.1 mouse macrophages and prevents peroxynitrite- induced oxidation and nitration reactions. Life Sci. 73: 3427-3437 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2003.06.022
- Robards, K., P. D. Prenzler, G. Tucker, P. Swatsitang, and W. Glover (1999) Phenolic compounds and their role in oxidative processes in fruits. Food Chem. 66: 401- 436 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(99)00093-X
- Tsuda, T., Y. Kato, and T. Osawa (2000) Mechanism for the peroxynitrite scavenging activity by anthocyanins. FEBS Lett. 484: 207-210 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(00)02150-5
- Hur, Y. S., T. H. Hong, and W. H. Hong (2004) Effective extraction of oligomeric proanthocyanidin (OPC) from wild grape seeds. Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng. 9: 471-475 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02933488
- Liebert, M., U. Licht, V. Bohm, and R. Bitsch (1999) Antioxidant properties and total phenolics content of green and black tea under different brewing conditions. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. A 208: 217-220 https://doi.org/10.1007/s002170050406
- Johnson, M. K. and G. Loo (2000) Effects of epigallocatechin gallate and quercetin on oxidative damage to cellular DNA. Mutat. Res. 459: 211-218 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8777(99)00074-9
- Ketsawatsakul, U., M. Whiteman, and B. Halliwell (2000) A reevaluation of the peroxynitrite scavenging activity of some dietary phenolics. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 279: 692-699 https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.2000.4014
- Kono, Y., K. Kobayashi, S. Tagawa, K. Adachi, A. Ueda, Y. Sawa, and H. Shibata (1997) Antioxidant activity of polyphenolics in diets rate constants of reactions of chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid with reactive species of oxygen and nitrogen. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1335: 335-342 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4165(96)00151-1
- Shutenko, Z., Y. Henry, E. Pinard, J. Seylaz, P. Potier, F. Berthet, P. Girard and R. Sercombe (1999) Influence of the antioxidant quercetin in vivo on the level of nitric oxide determined by electron paramagnetic resonance in rat brain during global ischemia and reperfusion. Biochem. Pharmacol. 57: 199-208 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(98)00296-2