Efficacy of the Sonicare $Elite^{\Box}$ in plaque removal and reduction of gingival inflammation from hard-to-reach sites of the moderate periodontitis

증등도 치주염에서 칫솔모 도달이 힘든 부위의 치태 및 치은염 감소에 대한 Sonicare $Elite^{\Box}$ 의 효과

  • Hong, Ji-Youn (Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration) ;
  • Jung, Sung-Won (Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration) ;
  • Urn, Yoo-Jung (Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration) ;
  • Chae, Gyung-Jun (Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration) ;
  • Jung, Ui-Won (Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration) ;
  • Kim, Chang-Sung (Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration) ;
  • Choi, Seong-Ho (Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration) ;
  • Kim, Chong-Kwan (Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration)
  • 홍지연 (연세대학교 치과대학 치주과학교실, 치주조직 재생연구소) ;
  • 정성원 (연세대학교 치과대학 치주과학교실, 치주조직 재생연구소) ;
  • 엄유정 (연세대학교 치과대학 치주과학교실, 치주조직 재생연구소) ;
  • 채경준 (연세대학교 치과대학 치주과학교실, 치주조직 재생연구소) ;
  • 정의원 (연세대학교 치과대학 치주과학교실, 치주조직 재생연구소) ;
  • 김창성 (연세대학교 치과대학 치주과학교실, 치주조직 재생연구소) ;
  • 최성호 (연세대학교 치과대학 치주과학교실, 치주조직 재생연구소) ;
  • 김종관 (연세대학교 치과대학 치주과학교실, 치주조직 재생연구소)
  • Published : 2006.09.30

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Sonicare $Elite^{(R)}$ power toothbrush in plaque removal and reduction of gingivitis from hard-to-reach sites of the moderate periodontitis compared to regular manual toothbrush in 12 week follow-up. 82 subjects with incipient to moderate periodontitis were randomly assigned to use either the manual or sonic brush, instructed in its use, and asked to brush 2 times a day for 2 minutes. Plaque scores were taken at baseline, 1, 4, 12 weeks using Silness & $L\ddot{o}e$ plaque index and gingival inflammation was assessed by the $L\ddot{o}e$ & Silness gingival index. The results were as follows. 1. The Sonicare $Elite^{(R)}$ power toothbrush showed a significant reduction(p<0.0001) of the plaque(Silness & $L\ddot{o}e$) and gingival inflammation(Loe & Silness). 2. The Sonicare $Elite^{(R)}$ power toothbrush showed a significant better reduction of plaque and gingivitis(p<0.05) than the manual toothbrush after 1, 4, and 12 weeks. 3. The Sonicare $Elite^{(R)}$ power toothbrush demonstrated a significant reduction(p<0.0001) of the plaque in interproximal sites(p<0.0001), buccal sites(p<0.0001) and the lingual sites(p=0.00l8) of the teeth. 4. The Sonicare $Elite^{(R)}$ power toothbrush demonstrated a significant reduction(p<0.0001) of the gingival inflammation in the interproximal sites(p<0.0001), the buccal sites(p<0.0001) and the lingual sites(p<0.0001) of the teeth. The results of this study support the findings that Sonicare $Elite^{(R)}$ power toothbrush has a great potential to remove the plaque and resolve the gingival inflammation during the period of 12 week.

Keywords

References

  1. Loe H, Theilade E, Jensen JB. Experimental gingivitis in man. J Periodontol 1965;36: 177-187 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1965.36.3.177
  2. Loe H & Silness J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. I. Prevalence and severity. Act Odont Scand 1963;21:533-551 https://doi.org/10.3109/00016356309011240
  3. Theilade E. Dental plaque & dental calculus. In Lindhe J, Textbook of periodontology 1983, Copenhagen, Munksgaard
  4. Page RC, Schroeder HE. Pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal disease. A sumrmry of current work. Lab Invest 1976;33:235-249
  5. Dorothy AP, Max OS. Plaque control. Clinical Periodontology, 8th Edition, WE Saunders Company 1996;493-509
  6. 홍지연, 김상년, 하원호, 장석윤, 장인권, 박지은, 정성원, 엄유정, 최성호, 김종과. 천연추출물 Curcuma xanthorriza oil 함유치약의 치태 및 치은염 억제효과. 대한 치주과학회지 2005; 35:1053-1071
  7. Yankell SL. Toothbrushing and toothbrushing techniques. Primary preventive dentistry, 3rd Edition, Norwalk, CT, Appleton and Lange 1991;79-106
  8. Theilade E, Wright WH, Jensen JB. Experimental gingivitis in man. II. Alongitudinal clinical and bacteriological investigation. J Periodont Res 1966; 1:1-13 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1966.tb01842.x
  9. Axelsson P, Lindhe J. Effect of controlled oral hygiene procedures on caries and periodontal disease on adults. J Clin Periodontol 1978;5:133-151 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1978.tb01914.x
  10. Yankell SL, Emling R, Flickinger K. Patient perception of brushing time compared to actual care. J Dent Res 1981:60:619(Abstract 1241)
  11. Kleber CJ, Putt MS, Muhler JC. Duration and pattern of toothbrushing in children using gel or paste dentifrice. J Am Dent Assoc 1981:103:723-726 https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1981.0377
  12. Cumming BR, L e H. Consistency of plaque distribution in individuals without special home care instruction. J Periodont Res 1973;8:94-100 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1973.tb00748.x
  13. Bruun C, Ekstrand KR, Andreasen KB. A new in vitro method for testing the interproximal cleaning potential of toothbrushing. J Clin Dent 1998;9:11-15
  14. Axelsson P. Needs-related plaque control measures based on risk prediction. Proceedings of the European workshop on mechanical plaque control. Chicago, Quintessence 1998;190-247
  15. Chilton NW, DiDio A, Rathner JT. Comparison of the effectiveness of an electric toothbrush and a standard toothbrush in normal individuals. J Am Dent Assoc 1962;64:777-782 https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1962.0155
  16. Ainamo J, Xie Q, Ainamo A, Kallio P, Assessment of the effect of an oscillating/ rotating electric toothbrush on oral health. A 12-month longitudinal study. J Clin Periodontol 1997;24:28-33 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1997.tb01180.x
  17. Barnes CM, Weatherford TW, Menaker L. A Comparison of the Braun Oral-B Plaque Remover (D5) and a manual toothbrush in affecting gingivitis. J Clin Dent 1993;4:48-51
  18. Quirynen M, Vervliet E, Teerlinck J, Darius P, Van Steenberghe D. Medium- and long-term effectiveness of a counterrotational electric toothbrush on plaque removal, gingival bleeding, and probing pocket depth. Int J Periodont & Rest Dent 1994;14: 364-377
  19. Stoltze K, Bay L. Comparison of a manual and a new electric toothbrush for controlling plaque and gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 1994:21:86-90 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00284.x
  20. Tritten CB, Armitage GC. Comparison of a sonic and manual toothbrush for efficacy in supragingival plaque removal and reduction of gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 1996;23: 641-648 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1996.tb00588.x
  21. Van der Weijden GA, Timmerman MF, Nijboer A, Lie MA, Van der Velden U. A Comparative study of electric toothbrushes for the effectiveness of plaque removal in relation to toothbrushing duration. J Clin Periodontol 1993;20:476-481 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1993.tb00394.x
  22. Engel D, Nessly M, Morton T, Martin R. Safety testing of a new electronic toothbrush. J Periodontol 1993;64:941-946 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1993.64.10.941
  23. Johnson BD, McInnes C. Clinical evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a new sonic toothbrush. J Periodontol 1994;65:692-697 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1994.65.7.692
  24. Beirne GO, Johnson RH, Persson GR, Spektor MD. Efficacy of a sonic toothbrush on inflammation and probing depth in adult periodontitis. J Periodontol 1996;67:900-908 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1996.67.9.900
  25. Hope CK, Petrie A, Wilson M. In vitro assessment of the plaque-removing ability of hydrodynamic shear forces produced beyond the bristles by 2 electric toothbrushes. J Periodontol 2003;74:1017-1022 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2003.74.7.1017
  26. Stanford CM, Srikantha R, Wu CD. Efficacy of the Sonicare toothbrush fluid dynamic action on removal of human supragingival plaque. J Clin Dent 1997; 8:10-14
  27. Hope CK, Wilson M. Effects of dynamic fluid activity from an electric toothbrush on in vitro biofilms. J Clin Periodontol 2003;30:624-629 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.2003.00307.x
  28. Wu-Yuan CD, Anderson RD, McInnes C. Ability of the SonicareR electronic toothbrush to generate dynamic fluid activity that removes bacteria. J Clin Dent 1994; 5(3):89-93
  29. Versteeg PA, Timmerman MF, Rosema NAM, Warren PR, Van der Velden U, Van der Weijden GA, Sonic-powered toothbrushes and reversal of experimental gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 2005;32:1236-1241 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00851.x
  30. Soparkar PM, Quigley GA. Power versus hanbrushing Effect on gingivitis. J Am Dent Assoc 1964;68:182-187 https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1964.0071
  31. Lobene RR. Evaluation of altered gingival health from permissive powered toothbrushing. J Am Dent Assoc 1964;69:585-588 https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1964.0344
  32. Elliott JR. A comparison of the effectiveness of a standard and an electric toothbrush. J Periodont 1963;34:375-379 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1963.34.4.375
  33. Glass RL. A clinical study of hand and electric toothbrushing. J Periodontol 1965;36: 322-327 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1965.36.4.322
  34. McKendrick AJW, Barbenel LMH, McHugh WD. A two-year comparison of hand and electric toothbrushes. J Periodon Res 1968; 3:224-231 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1968.tb01924.x
  35. Rainey BL, Ash MM. A clinical study of short stroke reciprocating action electric toothbrush. J Periodontol 1964;35:455-462 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1964.35.6.455
  36. Smith WA, Ash MM. A clinical evaluation of an electric toothbrush. J Periodontol 1964;35:127-136 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1964.35.2.127
  37. van der Weijden GA, Timmerman MF, Reijerse E, Danser MM, Mantel MS, Nijboer A, van der Velden U. The long-term effect 702 of an oscillating/rotating electric toothbrush on gingivitis. An 8-month clinical study. J Clin Periodontol 1994;21:139-145 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00292.x
  38. Listgarten MA. General issues in efficacy, equivalency, and superiority trials : Clinical considerations. J Periodont Res 1992;27: 315-319
  39. Forgas-Brockmann LB, Carter-Hanson C, Killoy WJ. The effects of an ultrasonic toothbrush on plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation. J Clin Periodontol 1998;25: 375-379 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02458.x
  40. Terezhalmy GT, Gagliardi VB, Rybicki LA, Kauffman MJ. Clinical evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the UltraSonex${\circleR}$ultrasonic toothbrush : a 30-day study. Compendium 1994;866-874