Aortopulmonary Window

대동맥폐동맥창

  • Kim Dong-Jin (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medcine) ;
  • Min Sun-Kyung (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medcine) ;
  • Kim Woong-Han (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medcine) ;
  • Lee Jeong-Sang (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Municipal Boramae Hospital) ;
  • Kim Yong-Jin (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medcine) ;
  • Lee Jeong-Ryul (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medcine, Xenotransplantation Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital)
  • 김동진 (서울대학교 의과대학 소아병원 흉부외과) ;
  • 민선경 (서울대학교 의과대학 소아병원 흉부외과) ;
  • 김웅한 (서울대학교 의과대학 소아병원 흉부외과) ;
  • 이정상 (서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실, 서울시립보라매병원 흉부외과) ;
  • 김용진 (서울대학교 의과대학 소아병원 흉부외과) ;
  • 이정렬 (서울대학교 의과대학 소아병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교병원 임상의학연구소 이종장기연구개발센터)
  • Published : 2006.04.01

Abstract

Background: Aortopulmonary window (APW) is a very rare congenital heart anomaly, often associated with other cardiac anomalies. It causes a significant systemic to pulmonary artery shunt, which requires early surgical correction. Accurate diagnosis and surgical correction will bring good outcomes. The purpose of this study was to describe our 20-year experience of aortopulmonary window. Material and Method: Between March 1985 and January 2005, 16 patients with APW underwent surgical repair. Mean age at operation was $157.8{\pm}245.3$ ($15.0{\sim}994.0$) days and mean weight was $4.8{\pm}2.5$ ($1.7{\sim}10.7$) kg. Patent ductus arteriosus (8), atrial septal defect (7), interruptedaortic arch (5), ventricular septal defect (4), patent foramen ovate (3), tricuspid valve regurgitation (3), mitral valve regurgitation (2), aortic valve regurgitation (1), coarctation of aorta (1), left superior vena cavae (1), and dextrocardia (1) were associated. Repair methods included 1) division of the APW with primary closure or patch closure of aorta and pulmonary artery primary closure or patch closure (11) and 2) intra-arterial patch closure (3). 3) Division of the window and descending aorta to APW anastomosis (2) in the patients with interrupted aortic arch or coarctation. Result: There was one death. The patient had 2.5 cm long severe tracheal stenosis from carina with tracheal bronchus supplying right upper lobe. The patient died at 5th post operative day due to massive tracheal bleeding. Patients with complex aortopulmonary window had longer intensive care unit and hospital stay and showed more morbidities and higher reoperation rates. 5 patients had reoperations due to left pulmonary artery stenosis (4), right pulmonary artery stenosis (2), and main pulmonary artery stenosis (1). The mean follow-up period was $6.8{\pm}5.6$ (57.0 days$\sim$16.7 years)years and all patients belonged to NYHA class 1. Conclusion: With early and prompt correction of APW, excellent surgical outcome can be expected. However, optimal surgical method needs to be established to decrease the rate of stenosis of pulmonary arteries.

배경: 대동맥폐동맥창은 매우 드문 질환이며 동반 심기형을 보이는 경우가 흔하다. 좌우 단락에 의한 과다한 폐 혈류량으로 조기 교정이 필수이나, 정확한 진단과 수술적 교정으로 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 과거 20년간의 경험한 대동맥폐동맥창을 정리하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1985년 3월부터 2005년 1월까지 16명(남 10, 여 6)의 환자가 대동맥폐동맥창으로 진단되어 수술적 교정을 시행하였고,수술당시 평균연령은 $157.8{\pm}245.3$ ($15.0{\sim}994.0$)일이었고, 평균 체중은 $4.8{\pm}±2.5$ ($1.7{\sim}10.7$) kg이었다. 동반 심기형은 동맥관개존증(8예), 심방중격결손증(7예), 대동맥궁단절증(5예), 심실중격결손증(4예), 난원공(3예), 삼첨판막역류증(3예), 승모판역류증(2예), 대동맥판역류증(1예), 대동맥축착증(1예), 좌측상대정맥(1예), 우심증(1예)이었다. 수술 방법은 대동맥폐동맥창의 분리 절단 후 대동맥 부위를 일차 봉합 또는 첩포 봉합하고 폐동맥 부위를 일차 봉합 또는 첩포 봉합하거나(11예), 대동맥폐동맥창의 분리 절단 없이 동맥 내에서 첩포 봉합술을 하거나(3예), 대동맥궁단절 및 대동맥축착을 동반한 환자에서 하대동맥을 직접 대동맥 창에 봉합하였다. (2예). 결과: 사망한 경우가 1예 있었다. 환자는 기관지 분지부에서 상방 2.5 cm정도 심한 협착과 기관유래기관지가 우상엽과 연결되어 있었던 경우로, 기관성형술(sliding tracheoplasty)시행 후 과다 출혈로 술 후 5일째 사망하였다. 복잡 대동맥폐동맥창 환자의 입원 기간 및 중환자실 체류 기간이 더 길었으며, 재수술(5예)과 합병증의 빈도도 더 높았다. 재수술은 좌폐동맥 협착(4예), 우폐동맥 협착(2예), 주폐동맥 협착(1예) 등이 원인이었다. 평균 추적 기간은 $6.8{\pm}5.6$ (57.0일$\sim$16.7년)년이었고, 생존 환자의 추적 기간 동안 NYHA 기능분류는 모두 I이었다. 결론: 연구자 등은 대동맥폐동맥창으로 진단된 16명의 환자에 대한 분석을 통해 조기 수술로 술 후 양호한 결과를 확보할 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 동반 심기형의 적절한 수술적 교정이 만기 예후를 좌우하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 수술 후 재협착의 빈도를 줄이기 위한 수술 전략의 재고가 요구된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Collett RW, Edwards JE. Persistent truncus arteriosus. A classification according to anatomic types. Surg Clin North Am 1949;29:1245-70 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-6109(16)32803-1
  2. Van Praagh R, Van Praagh S. The anatomy of common aorticopulmonary trunk (truncus arteriosus communis) and its embryologic implications. A study of 57 necropsy cases. Am J Cardiol 1965;16:406-25 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(65)90732-0
  3. Van Mierop LHS. Pathology and pathogenesis of the common cardiac malformations. Cardiovasc Clin 1970;2:27
  4. Richardson JV, Doty JB, Rossi NP, Ehrenhaft JL. The spectrum of anomalies of aortopulmonary septation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1979;78:21-7
  5. Rowe RD. Aortopulmonary septal defect. In: Keith JD, Rowe RD, Vlad P. Heart disease in infancy and childhood. 3rd ed. New York: Mcmillan. 1978;761-8
  6. Tkebuchava T, Von Segesser LK, Vogt PR, et al. Congenital aortopulmonary window: diagnosis, surgical technique and long-term results. Eur J Cardiovasc Surg 1997;11:293-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-7940(96)01048-2
  7. McElhinney DB, Reddy MV, Tworetzky W, Silverman NH, Hanley FL. Early and late results after repair of aortopulmonary septal defect and associated anomalies in infants <6 months of age. Am J Cardiol 1998;81:195-201 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(97)00808-4
  8. Backer CL, Mavroudis C. Surgical management of aortopulmonary window: a 40-year experience. Eur J Cardiovasc Surg 2002;21:773-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-7940(02)00056-8
  9. Lee JR, Rho JR. Interrupted aortic arch associated with AP window, PDA, and aberrant origin of the right subclavian artery from proximal descending aorta [a case report]. Korean J Thoracic Cardiovasc Surg 1995;18:360-70
  10. Chung YS, Song MG. Distal type of aortopulmonary septal defect with aortic origin of right pulmonary artery and interrupted aortic arch A case of successful surgical report. Korean J Throrac Cardiovasc Surg 1991;24:693-700
  11. Sung SC, Kim SH, Woo JS, Lee YS. One-stage repair of interrupted aortic arch and aortopulmonary window in a neonate. Korean J Throrac Cardiovasc Surg 2002;35:397-401
  12. Mori K, Ando M, Takao A, Ishikawa S, Imai Y. Distal type of aortopulmonary window: report of 4 cases. Br Heart J 1978;40:681-9 https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.40.6.681
  13. Jacobs JP, Quintessenza JA, Gaynor JW, Burke RP, Mavroudis C. Congenital heart surgery nomenclature and database project: aortopulmonary window. Ann Thorac Surg 2000; 69(Suppl):44-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(99)01236-9
  14. Balaji S, Burch M, Sullivan ID. Accuracy of cross-sectional echocardiography in diagnosis of aortopulmonary window. Am J Cardiol 1991;67:650-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(91)90102-Q
  15. Gross RE. Surgical closure of an aortic septal defect. Circulation 1952;5:858-63 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.5.6.858
  16. Scott HW Jr, Sabiston DC Jr. Surgical treatment for congenital aorticopulmonary fistula: experimental and clinical aspects. J Thorac Surg 1953;25:26-8
  17. Deverall DB, Lincoln JCR, Aberdeen E, Bonham-Carter RE, Waterston DJ. Aortopulmonary window. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1969;57:479-86
  18. Johansson L, Michaelsson M, Westernholm CJ, Aberg T. Aortopulmonary window: a new operative approach. Ann Thorac Surg 1978;25:564-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(10)63611-9
  19. Di Bella I, Gladstone DJ. Surgical management of aortopulmonary window. Ann Thorac Surg 1998;65:768-70 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(97)01418-5
  20. Gargiulo G, Zannini L, Albanese S. Interrupted aortic arch and aorto-pulmonary window: one stage repair in the first week of life. Ann Thorac Surg 1993;56:554-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-4975(93)90897-Q
  21. Bellinger DC, Jonas RA, Rappaport LA, Wypij D, Wernovsky G, Kuban KCK. Developmental and neurologic status of children after heart surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest or low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass. N Engl J Med 1995;332:549-55 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199503023320901