The Recent Outcomes after Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot Associated with Pulmonary Atresia and Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries

폐동맥폐쇄와 주대동맥폐동맥부행혈관을 동반한 활로씨사징증 교정의 최근 결과

  • Kim Jin-Hyun (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital) ;
  • Kim Woong-Han (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital) ;
  • Kim Dong-Jung (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital) ;
  • Jung Eui-Suk (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital) ;
  • Jeon Jae-Hyun (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital) ;
  • Min Sun-Kyung (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital) ;
  • Hong Jang-Mee (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital) ;
  • Lee Jeong-Ryul (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital) ;
  • Rho Joon-Ryuang (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital) ;
  • Kim Yong-Jin (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital)
  • 김진현 (서울대학교 어린이병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 김웅한 (서울대학교 어린이병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 김동중 (서울대학교 어린이병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 정의석 (서울대학교 어린이병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 전재현 (서울대학교 어린이병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 민선경 (서울대학교 어린이병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 홍장미 (서울대학교 어린이병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 이정렬 (서울대학교 어린이병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 노준량 (서울대학교 어린이병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 김용진 (서울대학교 어린이병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실)
  • Published : 2006.04.01

Abstract

Background: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with pulmonary atresia and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAS) is complex lesion with marked heterogeneity of pulmonary blood supply and arborization anomalies. Patients with TOF with PA and MAPCAS have traditionally required multiple staged unifocalization of pulmonary blood supply before undergoing complete repair. In this report, we describe recent change of strategy and the results in our institution. Material and Method: We established surgical stratagies: early correction, central mediastinal approach, initial RV-PA conduit interposition, and aggressive intervention. Between July 1998 and August 2004, 23 patients were surgically treated at our institution. We divided them into 3 groups by initial operation method; group I: one stage total correction, group II: RV-PA conduit and unifocalization, group III: RV-PA conduit interposition only. Result: Mean ages at initial operation in each group were $13.9{\pm}16.0$ months (group 1), $10.4{\pm}15.6$ months (group II), and $7.9{\pm}7.7$ months (group III). True pulmonary arteries were not present in f patient and the pulmonary arteries were confluent in 22 patients. The balloon angioplasty was done in average 1.3 times (range: $1{\sim}6$). There were 4 early deaths relating initial operation, and 1 late death due to incracranial hemorrhage after definitive repair. The operative mortalities of initial procedures in each group were 25.0% (1/4: group I), 20.0% (2/10: group II), and 12.2% (1/9: group III). The causes of operative mortality were hypoxia (2), low cardiac output (1) and sudden cardiac arrest (1). Definitive repair rates in each group were 75% (3/4) in group I, 20% (2/10, fenestration: 2) in group II, and 55.0% (5/9, fenestration: 1) in group III. Conclusion: In patients of TOF with PA and MAPCAS, RV-PA connection as a initial procedure could be performed with relatively low risk, and high rate of definitive repair can be obtained in the help of balloon pulmonary angioplasty. One stage RV-PA connection and unifocalization appeared to be successful in selected patients.

배경 폐동맥폐쇄와 주대동맥폐동맥혈관부행지를 동반한 활로씨사징증은 다양한 폐혈류공급원과 혈관 발달의 이상을 동반한 복잡한 질환이다. 이 환자들은 전통적으로 완전교정수술전에 다단계의 폐혈류 단일화술을 시행 받아 왔다. 본 연구에서는 최근의 치료전략의 변화에 대하여 본원에서 치료 방법과 그 결과를 고찰하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1998년 7월부터 2004년 8월까지 본원에서 이 질환으로 수술받은 23명을 대상으로 하였다. 치료전략으로서 조기 교정, 정중 절개를 통한 접근을 원칙으로 하였고 자주 심도자 검사를 시행하여 폐동맥과 혈류역동학적 상태를 평가하였으며 필요시 적극적으로 풍선 확장술을 시행하였다. 최초 수술에 따라 일단계 완전교정술군(I군), 우심실-폐동맥 도관 연결술과 단일화술을 동시 시행(일단계 단일화술)한 군(II군), 우심실-폐동맥 도관 연결술만 시행한 군(III군)의 3군으로 나눌 수 있었으며 이 환아들에 있어서 군별 형태학적 특징과 사망률, 완전교정술 가능성 등을 비교하였고, 술 후 합병증, 추적결과, 사인에 대하여 분석하였다. 결과: 각 군의 최초 수술 당시 평균연령은 각각 $13.9{\pm}16.0$개월(I군), $10.4{\pm}15.6$개월(II군), $7.9{\pm}7.7$개월(III군)이었다. 1명의 환아에서 심낭 내 폐동맥이 존재하지 않으면서 좌우폐동맥의 연결이 없었고, 22명의 환아에서 좌우폐동맥이 연결되어 있었다. 풍선 확장술은 평균 1.3회로 최대 6회까지 시행되었다. 최초 수술에 따른 수술 사망은 4예가 있었고 완전교정술 후 뇌출혈에 의한 만기사망 1예가 있었다. 각 군별 수술 사망률은 각각 25.0% (1/4: I군), 20.0% (2/10: II군), 12.2% (1/9: III군)였으며 사망원인으로서는 저산소증 2예, 저심박출 증 1예, 급성 심정지 1예였다. 술 후 합병증으로는 횡격막신경마비가 2예, 경련이 1예에서 있었다. 최종적으로 완전교정술로 도달한 환자는 10명으로 각 군별 도달률은 각각 I군 75% (3/4), II군 20% (2/10), III군 55.6% (5/9)였으며 심실중격결손을 완전히 막지 못한 경우는 II군에서 2명, III군에서 1명 이었다. 결론: 폐동맥폐쇄와 주대동맥폐동맥부행혈관을 동반한 활로씨사징증에 있어 최초 술식으로 정중절개를 통한 우심실-폐동맥 도관삽입술은 비교적 낮은 위험도로 시행할 수 있으며 풍선확장술의 추가적 시술을 통해 높은 완전교정술 도달률을 얻었다. 적응이 되는 환자에서 선택적으로 일단계 완전교정술 또는 일단계 단일화술을 시행하여 완전교정술의 도달 가능성을 높일 수 있겠다.

Keywords

References

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