Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
권호 표지

Seasonal Performance of Constructed Wetland for Nonpoint Source Pollution Control

비점오염원 제어를 위한 인공습지의 계절변화에 따른 처리효율 평가

  • Ham, Jong-Hwa (School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University) ;
  • Han, Jung-Yoon (Department of Environmental Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Kim, Hyung-Chul (Department of Environmental Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Yoon, Chun-Gyeong (Department of Environmental Science, Konkuk University)
  • Published : 2006.12.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The field scale experiment was performed to examine the performance of the constructed wetland for nonpoint source (NPS) pollution loading reduction. Four sets (each set of 0.88 ha) of wetland (0.8 ha) and pond (0.08 ha) systems were used. Water flowing into the Seokmoon estuarine reservoir from the Dangjin stream was pumped into wetland systems. Water depth was maintained at 0.3-0.5 m and hydraulic retention time was managed to about 2-5 days; emergent plants were allowed to grow in the wetland. The wetland effluent concentrations of $BOD_5$, TSS, and T-N were higher in winter than in the growing season excepting the T-P, and effluent $BOD_5$ concentration was higher than influents in winter. Mass retention of T-N and T-P was stable throughout the year, whereas mass retention of $BOD_5$ and TSS was decreased in winter. $BOD_5$, TSS, T-N, and T-P performance of the experi-mental system was compared with the existing database (North American Treatment Wetland Database), and was within the range of general system performance. From the first-order analysis, T-P was virtually not temperature dependent, and $BOD_5$ and TSS were more temperature dependent than T-N. Overall, the wetland system was found to be an adequate alternative for treating polluted stream water with stable removal efficiency and recommended as a NPS control measures.

비점오염원 제어를 위한 현장실험을 실시하였다. 연구시설은 인공습지와 유수지를 각각 4개씩 조성하였으며, 각각의 면적은 0.8 ha와 0.08 ha이고, 총 면적은 약 3.6 ha이다. 습지의 유입수는 충남 당진군의 석문담수호로 유입되는 당진천의 물을 펌핑하여 사용하였다. 습지의 수심은 웨어를 이용하여 생장기 (3월${\sim}$8월)과 동절기 (12월${\sim}$2월)에 각각 0.3 m와 0.5 m를 유지하였으며, 체류시간은 2${\sim}$5일이었다. TP를 제외한 대부분의 수질항목에서 ($BOD_5$, TSS, TN)생장기보다 동절기에 더 높은농도를 나타내는 것으로 나타났으며, $BOD_5$는 동절기 동안에 유출수의 농도가 유입수보다 더 높은 농도를 나타냈다. 동절기 동안에 제거된 부하량은 $BOD_5$, TSS는 감소한 반면에 TN과 TP는 감소하지 않고 생장기과 비슷한 값을 나타내었다. 다른 연구자에 의한 연구결과인 NADB (North American Treatment Wetland Database)와 비교해 보면 $BOD_5$, TSS, TN, TP모두 동일 유입부하량에 대해 대부분 NADB와 비슷하거나 약간 낮은 유출수의 농도를 나타내었다. 동절기 동안에 생장기와 비슷한 농도의 유출수를 얻기 위해서는 유입부하량은 생장기보다 감소시켜 적용하면 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구결과 인공습지는 동절기에도 안정적인 처리율을 얻을 수 있으며, 비점오염제어에 적합할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. APHA. 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (20th ed.), American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, USA
  2. Brodrichk, S.J., P. Cullen and W. Maher. 1988. Denitrification in a natural wetland receiving secondary treated effluent, Wat. Res. 22(4): 431-439 https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(88)90037-1
  3. Brix, H. 1993. Wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands: system design, removal processes and treatment performance. In Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement, ed G.A. Moshiri, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, USA. 9-22
  4. Chapra, S.C. 1997. Surface water-quality modeling, Mcgraw-hill, New York, NY, USA
  5. Gumbricht, T. 1992. Tertiary wastewater treatment using the root zone method in temperate climates, Ecol. Eng. 1(3): 199-212 https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-8574(92)90002-J
  6. Ham, J.H., C.G. Yoon, S.J. Hwang and K.W. Jung. 2004. Seasonal performance of constructed wetland and winter storage pond for sewage treatment in Korea, J. of Environmental Science and Health. A39(5): 1325-1339
  7. Hammer, D.A. and R.L. Knight. 1994. Designing constructed wetlands for nitrogen removal, Wat. Sci. Tech. 29(4): 15-27
  8. Herskowitz, J. 1986. Town of Listowel artificial marsh project, Project Report 128 RR, Ontario Ministry of Environment, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
  9. Herskowitz, J., S. Black and W. Lewandowski. 1987. Listowel artificial marsh treatment project. In Aquatic Plants for Water Treatment and Resource Recovery, eds. K. R. Reddy and W. H. Smith, Magnolia Publishing, Orlando, FL, USA. 247-254
  10. Jenssen, P.D., T. Mæhlum and T. Krogstad. 1993. Potential use of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in Northern environments, Wat. Sci. Tech. 28(10): 149-157
  11. Johnston, C.A. 1991. Sediment and nutrient retention by freshwater wetlands: effects on surface water quality, Crit, Rev. Environ. Control. 21: 491-565 https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389109388425
  12. Jorgensen, S.E., C. Hoffmann and W.J. Mitsch. 1988. Modeling nutrient retention by reed swamp and wet meadow wetlands in Denmark, In Wetland Modeling, eds. W.J. Mitsch, M. Straskaraba and S.E. Jorgensen, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 133-151
  13. Kadlec, R.H. and R.L. Knight. 1996. Treatment Wetlands, CRC press, FL, USA
  14. Kadlec, R.H., R.L. Knight, J. Vymazal, H. Brix, P. Cooper and R. Haberl. 2000. Constructed wetlands for pollution control-process, performance, design and operation, IWA Publishing, London, U.K
  15. Knight, R.L., T.W. McKim and H.R. Kohl. 1987. Performance of a natural wetland treatment system for wastewater management, J. WPCF. 59: 746-754
  16. Mitsch, W.J. and N. Wang. 2000. Large-scale coastal wetland restoration on the Laurentian Great Lakes: Determining the potential for water quality improvement, Ecol. Eng. 15: 267-282 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(00)00081-1
  17. Mitsch, W.J. and J.G. Gosselink. 2000. Wetlands, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA
  18. Nairn, R.W. and W.J. Mitsch. 2000. Phosphorus removal in created wetland ponds receiving river overflow, Ecol. Eng. 14: 107-126 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(99)00023-3
  19. Reed, S.C. and D.S. Brown. 1995. Subsurface flow wetlands-a performance evaluation, Water Environ. Res. 67(2): 244-248 https://doi.org/10.2175/106143095X131420
  20. Vymazal, J. 1994. Algae and element cycling in wetlands, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, USA
  21. Werker, A.G., J.M. Dougherty, J.L. McHenry and W.A. Van Loon. 2002. Treatment variability for wetland wastewater treatment design in cold climates, Ecol. Eng. 19(1): 1-11 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(02)00016-2
  22. Wittgren, H.B. and T. Mæhlum. 1997. Wastewater treatment wetlands in cold climates, Wat. Sci. Tech. 35(5): 45-53
  23. Wittgren, H.B. and S. Tobiason. 1995. Nitrogen removal from pretreated wastewater in surface flow wetlands, Wat. Sci. Tech. 32: 69-78
  24. Yoon, C.G., S.K. Kwun and J.H. Ham. 2001. Effects of treated sewage irrigation on paddy rice culture and its soil, Irrig. and Drain. 50: 227-236 https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.27