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Physiochemical and Organoleptic Properties of Feta Cheese Made from Goat Milk

산양유로 제조한 Feta 치즈의 이화학적 및 관능적 특성

  • 강석남 (천안연암대학 친환경인증센터) ;
  • 박승용 (천안연암대학 유가공기술센터)
  • Published : 2006.04.30

Abstract

We characterized physicochemical properties and examined the organoleptic and textural evaluations of Feta cheese made from goat's milk. Nutritional compositions of goat Feta cheese were fat 23.50%, protein 11.03% with moisture content of 59.54%. Cell numbers of lactic starter cultures in Feta cheese maintained from log 8.46 CFU/g and pH 5.76 during storage at 4℃ for 14 day's aging. The color of Feta cheese was whitish (L. 93.19) at after finishing brine salting, but became a little yellowish(b. 3.52) (a. -0.71). For texture profile analysis of goat Feta cheese, hardness, fracturability springness, and cohesiveness seemed to be week, but adhesiveness gumminess, chewiness, and resilience were enhanced as aging times extended to 14days, resulted in the overall textural properties was to be superior to control cheese(commercial Mozzarella cheese). Organoleptic evaluations were examined based on the intensities and the preferences for flavour, tastes, texture and mouth feeling. saltiness, bitterness and acidity were stronger in the intensities than control cheese, but the preferences were enhanced by aging to be better than control cheese at 14 days and later on, however, the texture changed to be weaker in hardness and unpleasant in mouthfeel. The fatty acid compositions of Feta cheese analysed by Gas chromatography were saturated fatty acid 42.06%, monoenoic acids 29.67%, di-enoic acids 24.24%, tri-enoic acids 1.21%.

본 연구는 산양유로 제조한 Feta 치즈의 이화학적 미생물학적 관능적 특성을 알아보기 위해 제조 후 0 및 4℃에서 숙성시키면서 실험을 실시하였다. 치즈 제조에 사용한 산양유의 일반성분은 지방 3.47%, 단백질 2.87%, 유당 4.40%, 무기물 0.71%, 총고형분 11.48%으로서 casein/fat ratio는 6.40 이었다. 이 산양유로 FDM 40.47%, 수분 함량 59.53%인 Feta 치즈를 제조 하였으며, 이 치즈의 일반성분 함량은 지방 23.50%, 단백질 11.03%, 그리고 회분이 3.79% 이었다. Feta 치즈의 pH는 숙성기간이 지날수록 pH가 낮아졌으며(p<0.01), 숙성온도가 낮을수록 pH가 더 많이 감소하였다(p<0.01). 젖산균 수는 제조 당시에 10.21 log CFU/g 이상으로 나타났으며, 숙성기간이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 숙성 32일 경에도 젖산균의 수는 7.00 log CFU/g 이상으로 높은 수준으로 유지되었다. CIE 색도는 숙성 말기에 L값과 a값이 높게 나타났으며(p<0.01), b 값은 숙성말기에 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었다(p<0.01). Texture profile 분석결과 제조 초기에 hardness 26.66 g, fracturability 26.66g, adhesiveness 683.04, springiness 0.96, cohesiveness 0.52, gumminess 13.75, chewiness 13.17, 그리고 resilience가 0.06을 나타내었으나, 숙성이 진행됨에 따라 adhesiveness의 경우 0℃ 및 4℃ 치즈는 숙성 7일 때에 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었고, 숙성 14일 때에 가장 높은 값을 나타내어 숙성기간이 경과함에 따라 증가함을 알 수 있었다(p<0.01). Cohesiveness는 제조 당일이 가장 낮은 수치를 나타내었으며, 숙성 7일차에 높아졌다가 14일차에 다시 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었다(p<0.01). Gumminess는 제조 당일에 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었으며, 4℃ 치즈는 숙성 14일차에 가장 높은 값을 나타내었으며, 0℃ 치즈는 7일차에 높은 값을 나타내었다(p<0.05). Chewiness도 제조 당일에 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었으며, 0℃ 치즈가 숙성 7일에 가장 높은 값을 나타내었으며, 4℃ 치즈는 14일에 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 관능검사결과, 저장 7일차에 짠맛, 쓴맛, 신맛, 발효 취에 대한 강도는 모두 높게 나타났다(p<0.01). 저장 14일에는 냄새 및 짠맛의 강도가 높게 나타났다(각각 p<0.05, p<0.01). 기호성에서는 저장 7일차에 냄새와 저작감에서 다소 낮은 평가를 받았으며(p<0.01), 저장 14일에는 매우 낮은 평가점수를 나타내었으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 실제 소비자를 대상으로 한 산양유의 goaty flavour는 관능적인 기호성과 평가에는 저하요인으로 예상되었지만, Feta 치즈 시식 평가에서는 오히려 독특한 맛과 향을 주는 것으로 나타남으로서 향후 산양유 Feta 치즈의 산업화에 긍정적인 영향을 주었다. 산양유 Feta 치즈의 지방산 중에서 단쇄지방산인 c4:0, c6:0, c8:0가 각각 0.16%, 0.88%, 0.91%로 나타났으며 총 함량비(c4:0-c8:0)는 1.04%로 나타났다. 전체지방산 함량 중에서 c16:2 (20.54%), c16:0(13.35%), c18:1w9c(12.02%) 및 18:1t(13.08%)가 높은 비율을 나타내었다. 포화지방산의 비율은 42.06%, 불포화지방산의 비율은 56.03%로 나타났으며, 불포화지방산에는 monoen(29.67%, 10종) 함량이 dien(24.24%, 7종) 보다 높았고, trien과 polyen의 함량은 각각 1.21%(5종) 0.91% (2종)으로 소량 함유되어 있었다.

Keywords

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