References
- AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis(15th ed.). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington, DC., USA
- Blaxter, K. L., R. N. B. Kay and G. A. M. Sharman. 1974. Farming the red deer. The 1st report of an investigation by the Rowett Res. Inst. and the Hill Farming Res. Org. Dept. Agric. Fisheries for Scotland, Edinburgh. pp. 42-47
- Chapman, D. I. 1975. Antlers-bones of contention. Mammal review. 5:122-172
- Cowan, R. L. and T. A. Long. 1962. Studies on antler growth and nutrition of white-tailed deer. Paper No. 107 Pennsylvania Cooperative Wildl. Res. Unit. pp. 54-61
- Fennessy, P. F. and J. M. Suttie. 1985. Antler growth: Nutritional and endocrine factors. In: Biology of deer production. (Edl. P. F. Fennessy and K. R. Drew). Royal Society of New Zealand bulletin 22:239-250
- Fennessy, P. F. 1989. Velvet antler production: Feeding and breeding. In: Proc. 14th Annual New Zealand Deer Farmers' Assoc. Conf. pp. 15-17
- Fennessy, P. F. 1995. Deer and deer farming-The New Zealand Experience. In: Biotechnology in the feed industry. (Ed. T. P. Lyons and K. A. Jacques). Proc. Alltech's 11th Annual Symp. Nottingham Univ. Press. pp. 157-173
- Forbes, J. M. 1986. The voluntary food intake of farm animals. Butterworth & Co. Ltd. London
- Forbes, T. J. and N. Jackson. 1971. A study of the utilization of silages of different dry-matter content by young beef cattle with or without supplementary barley. J. Br. Grassl. Soc. 26:257-264 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1971.tb00673.x
- French, C. E., L. C. McEwen, N. D. Magruder, R. H. Ingram and R. W. Swift. 1956. Nutrient requirements for growth and antler development in the white-tailed deer. J. Wildl. Manage. 20:221-232 https://doi.org/10.2307/3796954
- Geist, V. 1986. Super antler and pre-World War II European research. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 14:91-94
- Goering, H. K. and P. J. Van Soest. 1970. Forage fiber analysis (Apparatus, Reagents, Procedure and some Application). Agricultural Hand Book No. 379. Agricultural Research Services. USDA, Washington, DC
- Haigh, J. C. and R. J. Hudson. 1993. Farming wapiti and red deer. Mosby-Year Book, Inc. St. Louis, Missouri. pp. 149-153
- Hyvarinen, H., R. N. B. Kay and W. J. Hamilton. 1977. Variation in the weight, specific gravity, and composition of the antlers of red deer. Br. J. Nutr. 28:301-311
- Jeon, B. T., S. H. Moon and R. J. Hudson. 2003. Effect of dietary protein level on velvet antler production in red deer (Cervus elaphus). Kor. J. Anim. Sci. 45(4):577-584
- Joo, J. W., G. S. Bae, W. K. Min, H. S. Choi, W. J. Maeng, Y. H. Chung and M. B. Chang. 2005. Effect of protein sources on rumen microbial protein synthesis using rumen simulated continuous culture system. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 18:326- 331 https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2005.326
- Kay, R. N. B. and B. W. Staines. 1981. The nutrition of the red deer (Cervus elaphus). Nutritional abstracts and reviews-series B 51:601-622
- Lee, B. Y., H. O. Lee and H. S. Choi. 2003. Analysis of food components of Korean deer antler parts. Kor. J. Food Sci. Technol. 35(1):52-56
- Liang, F., Q. Wang and T. Wen. 1993. Deer feeding for velvet production. The 4th ARRC International Symposium. pp. 115- 122
- McEwen, L. C., C. E. French, N. D. Magruder, R. W. Swift and R. H. Ingram. 1957. Nutrient requirements of the white-tailed deer. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 22:119-132
- Muir, P. D. and A. R. Sykes. 1988. Effect of winter nutrition on antler development in red deer (Cervus elaphus): a field study. NZ. J. Agric. Res. 31:145-150 https://doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1988.10417938
- Muir, P. D., A. R. Skyes and G. K. Barrell. 1987. Growth and mineralisation of antlers in red deer (Cervus, elaphus). NZ J. Agric. Res. 30:305-315 https://doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1987.10421889
- Murphy, D. A. and J. A. Coates. 1966. Effects of dietary protein on deer. Trans. North Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. 31:129-139
- Okamoto, M. 1974. Studies on the ruminating behavior and the digestive physiological significance of rumination. Bullt. Hokaido Agric. Exper. Stat. 30:1-72
- Pearse, A. J. and P. F. Fennessy. 1991. Optimal velvet antler production in wapiti and red deer. In: Wildlife production: Conservation and sustainable development. (Ed. L. A. Renecker and R. J. Hudson). Agric. For. Exper. Stat. Univ. Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska. pp. 548-556
- Pearse, A. J., J. M. Suttie and I. D. Corson. 2000. Velvet antler production- Improved nutrition and management. Proc. Asia Aust. Anim. Prod. (C):51-53
- SAS. 1995. SAS user's guide. SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC.
- Sim, J. S. 1987. Use of traditional medicines in Korea-Deer antlers. In Focus on a New Industry; Proceedings of the Alberta Game Grower's Association Conference, (Ed. L. A. Renecker). pp. 68-70
- Sunwoo, H. H. 1995. Chemical composition of antlers from wapiti (Cervus elaphus). J. Agri. Food Chem. 43(11):2846-2849 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00059a014
- Suttie, J. M., J. R. Webster, R. P. Littlejohn, P. F. Fennessy and I. D. Corson. 1996. Increasing velvet production by improved nutrition. Deer Branch of the New Zealand Vet. Asso. Procd. of a deer course for veterinarians. 13:149-153
- Ullrey, D. E. 1983. Nutrition and antler development in whitetailed deer. In: Antler development in Cervidae. (Ed. R. D. Brown). Proc. 1st Intern. Symp. Caesar Kleberg Wildl. Res. Inst. Colleg. Agric. Texas A & I Univ. Kingsville, Texas. pp. 49-59
Cited by
- Prediction of Water Content in Game Trophies by near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy vol.15, pp.6, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.753
- Effects of growth stage and position within the beam in the structure and chemical composition of sika deer (Cervus nippon) antlers vol.52, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1071/AN11183
- Nutrition of antler growth in deer vol.56, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1071/AN15051
- Effects of Antler Development Stage on Fatty acid, Vitamin and GAGs Contents of Velvet Antler in Spotted Deer (Cervus nippon) vol.20, pp.10, 2006, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2007.1546
- Effects of Chromium Yeast on Performance, Insulin Activity, and Lipid Metabolism in Lambs Fed Different Dietary Protein Levels vol.21, pp.6, 2006, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2008.70643
- 녹용의 성장 기간에 따른 아미노산, 지방산, 지질성분의 변화 vol.30, pp.6, 2006, https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2010.30.6.989
- Bioactive components of velvet antlers and their pharmacological properties vol.87, pp.None, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2013.07.044
- Relationships between Antioxidants and Quality Characteristics from Velvet Antlers of Formosan Sambar Deer vol.37, pp.4, 2006, https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2017.37.4.542