Genetic Variance and Combining Ability of Shattering and Growth Characters by Diallel Crosses of Sesame

이면교잡에 의한 참깨의 탈립성 및 생육형질의 유전변이와 조합능력

  • Published : 2006.12.31

Abstract

Combining ability and heterosis for $F_{1}$ population obtained $5{\times}5$ half diallel cross in sesame were estimated for six quantitative characters. The parental varieties used for diallel cross were Yangbaek and Ansan of normal type, Suwon 177 and 195 of placenta adhesion type (PA) and SIG960320-5-1-1 of indehiscent type (ID). PA and ID type are shattering-resistant sesames and Yangbaek and Ansan are shattering sesames. The high heterosis of $F_{1}$ hybrids was expressed in the number of capsules per plant (NC), grain yield per plant (GY) and number of branches per plant (NB). Shattering.ate (SR) showed high positive heterosis toward increase of seeds shattering in all the combination of $F_{1}$ generation which was presumed because the characters connected with shattering resistance of seeds were governed by recessive gene. At the analysis of combining ability, highly significant general combining ability (GCA) effects were observed on all the characters in $F_{1}$ generation, significant specific combining ability (SCA) effects were observed on the NC, GY and SR. GCA variances were greater than SCA variance, which suggested that additive gene effects were greater than other nonadditive gene effects. Considering the estimated GCA effects, Suwon 195 (PA type) was found to be good parent for SR and GY, SIG960320-5-1-1 (ID type) was poor for GY and plant height. SCA effect for NC was great in Yangbaek/Suwon 195, SCA for GY was great in Ansan/SIG960320-5-1-1, and SCA for decrease of SR was great in Ansan/Suwon177.

참깨는 무한화의 특성을 지니고 있어 수확시 필연적으로 미등숙 종실의 발생과 탈립으로 인한 수량 손실이 발생하는 등 재배상 여러 가지 문제점을 야기하는데, 현재 개발되고 있는 내탈립성 참깨들은 이러한 문제점을 해결해 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대되고 있다. 본 연구는 새로 개발된 내탈립성 참깨와 기존품종들 간의 이면교잡을 실시하여 탈립성을 포함한 주요양적형질에 대한 잡종강세 및 조합능력을 분석하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 탈립율은 모든 조합에서 탈립율이 증가하는 방향으로 잡종강세가 작용하였으며 PA형(수원195호)/ID형(SIG960320-5-1-1) 조합에서 가장 컸는데, 이는 탈립 저항성과 관련된 형질이 모두 열성으로 $F_{1}$ 세대에서는 그 특성이 발현되지 않았기 때문이었다. 2. 잡종강세 발현은 주당삭수, 주당수량 및 분지수 등에서 컸으며, 경장과 착삭부위장에서는 적게 나타났다. 3. 일반조합능력(GCA)은 6개 형질 모두에서 유의성이 인정되었으며, 특정조합능력(SCA)에서는 탈립율, 주당삭수 및 주당수량에서 유의성을 보였다. 4. 모든 형질에서 GCA분산이 SCA 분산보다 커서 상가적 유전자 작용의 효과가 더 큰 것으로 추정되었다. 5. 교배친의 GCA 검정에서 수원195호는 탈립율과 경장의 감소효과가 크고 주당삭수와 주당수량을 증대시키는 효과를, SIG96320-5-1-1은 주당수량 감소와 경장을 증가시키는 효과를 보였다. 교배조합별 SCA는 양백깨/수원195호 조합은 주당삭수 증대면에서, 안산깨/SIG96320-5-1-1 조합은 주당수량 증대면에서, 안산깨/수원177호 조합은 탈립율 감소면에서 가장 큰 효과를 나타냈다.

Keywords

References

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