Journal of Plant Biotechnology

  • 제33권3호
  • /
  • Pages.185-194
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  • 2006
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  • 1229-2818(pISSN)
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  • 2384-1397(eISSN)
한국식물생명공학회 (The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology)
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고등식물의 엽록체 형질전환: 원핵생물과 진맥생물의 조우

Chloroplast Genetic Transformation in Higher Plants: An Encounter Between Prokaryote and Eukaryote

  • 정화지 (한국생명공학연구원 식물유전체연구센터) ;
  • 서영배 (서울대학교 천연물과학연구소) ;
  • 정원중 (한국생명공학연구원 식물유전체연구센터) ;
  • 민성란 (한국생명공학연구원 식물유전체연구센터) ;
  • 유장렬 (한국생명공학연구원 식물유전체연구센터)
  • Chung, Hwa-Jee (Plant Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology) ;
  • Suh, Young-Bae (Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University) ;
  • Jeong, Won-Joong (Plant Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology) ;
  • Min, Sung-Ran (Plant Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology) ;
  • Liu, Jang-R. (Plant Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology)
  • 발행 : 2006.09.30
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⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

엽록체는 숙주세포에 잡아먹힌 (식균작용) 남세균이 숙주세포와 공생관계를 형성하여 온 것으로 간주된다. 엽록체 게놈은 정적이라고 이해하고 있지만 형질전환을 통하여 상동염기가 도입되면 이와는 반대로 intramolecular homologous recombination에 의해 subgenomic circle을 만드는 등 매우 다이나믹하다는 것이 최근에 증명되고 있다. 고등식물의 엽록체 형질전환은 핵 형질전환에서 기대할 수 없는 여러 이점을 제공한다. 예컨대, transgene의 발현율을 높일 수 있고, transgene들을 polycistronic하게 발현할 수 있으며, 도입된 transgene이 모계유전을 하게 된다는 것 등이다. 담배는 엽록체 형질전환의 모델 식물로 사용되어 왔으나 최근에는 벼, 대두, 면화 등 다른 주요 작물의 형질전환도 가능하게 되었다. 엽록체 형질전환된 작물은 미생물을 이용하여 고부가가치 단백질을 생산하는 생물반응기를 향후 대체할 수 있게 될 것이다.

Chloroplasts are believed to be descended from certain cyanobacteria, which were taken up by phagocytosis into a host cell and lived there in a symbiotic relationship. In contrast to the current static concept on the chloroplast genome, its dynamism has been recently demonstrated: the chloroplast genome is active in intramolecular homolgous recombination, producing subgenomic circles when it obtains homolgous sequences via genetic transformation. Chloroplast tranformation in higher plants provides many advantages over nuclear transformation that include higher expression levels of transgenes, polycistronic expression of transgenes, and maternal transmission of transgenes. Tobacco has been used as a model for chloroplast genetic transformation. However, it is recently possible to transform the chloroplasts of other major food and economic crops including rice, soybean, and cotton. Chloroplast-transformed crops will be able to replace bioreactors using microorganisms for production of value-added proteins in future.

키워드

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