The KIPS Transactions:PartB (정보처리학회논문지B)

Korea Information Processing Society (한국정보처리학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Feature based Text Watermarking for Binary Document Image

이진 문서 영상을 위한 특징 기반 텍스트 워터마킹

  • Published : 2005.04.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this paper, we propose feature based character watermarking methods based on geometical features specific to characters of text in document image. The proposed methods can satisfy both data capacity and robustness simultaneously while none of the conventional methods can. According to the characteristics of characters, watermark can be embed or detected through changes of connectivity of the characters, differences of characteristics of edge pixels or changes of area of holes. Experimental results show that our identification techniques are very robust to distortion and have high data capacity.

본 논문에서는 영문자의 형태적 특성에 기반한 텍스트 워터마킹 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 높은 데이터 용량을 유지하면서 문서 변환 과정 중 일어날 수 있는 여러 형태의 왜곡에 대해 강인한 검출률을 유지할 수 있도록, 문자의 형태적 특성에 따라 서로 다근 워터마킹 방법을 이용한다. 문자의 개별적인 특징에 따라 라인의 연결 구조의 변화 또는 글자의 경계 픽셀의 특성 차이 및 내부 혼의 넓이 변화를 통해 워터마크 메시지를 삽입하고 검출한다. 실험 결과론 통해 회전 및 확대, 축소 변환과 흐려짐, 노이즈 등의 왜곡에 대해 제안된 방법이 논은 데이터 용량을 유지하면서도 $90\%$ 이상의 높은 검출률을 유지함을 알 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

  1. B. Baran, S. Gomez, V. Bogarin, 'Steganographic Watermarking for Documents,' System Sciences, am. Proceedings of the 34th Annual Hawaii International Conference on, pp. 4048-4057, 2001
  2. Q. Sun, P. Feng, R. Deng, 'An Optical Watermarking Solution for Authenticating Printed Documents,' Information Technology: Coding and Computing, 2001. Proceedings. International Conference on, pp. 65-70, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1109/ITCC.2001.918767
  3. J. Brassil, S. Low, N. Maxemchuk, and L. O' Gorman, 'Marking of Document Images with Codewords to Deter illicit Dissemination,' Proc. INFOCOM 94 Conference on Computer Communications, pp. 1278-1287, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1145/185057.1023896
  4. S. Low, N. Maxemchuk, A. Lapone, 'Document Identification for Copyright Protection using Centroid Detection,' Communications, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 46 no. 3, pp. 372-383, Mar. 1998 https://doi.org/10.1109/26.662643
  5. J. Brassil, S. Low, N. Maxemchuk, L. O'Gorman, 'Electronic Marking and Identification Techniques to Discourage Document Copying,' Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on, vol. 13 no. 8, pp. 1495-1504, Oct. 1995 https://doi.org/10.1109/49.464718
  6. S. Low, N. Maxemchuk, 'Performance comparison of two text marking methods,' Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on, vol. 16 no. 4, pp. 561-572, May 1998 https://doi.org/10.1109/49.668978
  7. T. Amano, D. Misaki, 'A feature calibration method for watermarking of document images,' Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR '99. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on, pp. 91-94, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDAR.1999.791732
  8. Min Wu, E. Tang, B. Lin, 'Data hiding in digital binary image,' Multimedia and Expo, 2000. ICME 2000. 2000 IEEE International Conference on, vol. 1, pp.393-396, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1109/ICME.2000.869623
  9. S. Rodtook, Y. Rangsanseri, 'Adaptive thresholding of document images based on laplacian sign,' Information Technology: Coding and Computing, Proceedings. International Conference on, pp. 501-505, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1109/ITCC.2001.918846
  10. R. Safabakhsh, S. Khadivi, 'Document Skew detection using minimum-Area bounding rectangle,' Information Technology: Coding and Computing, Proceedings. International Conference on , pp. 253-258, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1109/ITCC.2000.844226
  11. Zhang Ping, Chen Lihui, K Alex, 'Text document filters using morphological and geometrical features of characters,' Signal Processing Proceedings, WCCCICSP 2000. 5th International Conference on, vol. 1, pp. 472-475, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOSP.2000.894534
  12. R. Haralick and L. Shapiro, Computer and Robot Vision, Addison-Wesley Inc, 1992
  13. Y. Ishiyama, C.Funaoka, F. Kubo, H.Takahashi and F. Tomita,'Labeling board based on boundary tracking,' Proc. 11th IAPR International Conference on Architectures for Vision and Pattern Recognition, vol. 4, pp. 34-38, Sept. 1992 https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPR.1992.202125